Abstract
Aims: To select a core list of standard outcomes for diabetes to be routinely applied internationally, including patient-reported outcomes. Methods: We conducted a structured systematic review of outcome measures, focusing on adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. This process was followed by a consensus-driven modified Delphi panel, including a multidisciplinary group of academics, health professionals and people with diabetes. External feedback to validate the set of outcome measures was sought from people with diabetes and health professionals. Results: The panel identified an essential set of clinical outcomes related to diabetes control, acute events, chronic complications, health service utilisation, and survival that can be measured using routine administrative data and/or clinical records. Three instruments were recommended for annual measurement of patient-reported outcome measures: the WHO Well-Being Index for psychological well-being; the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression; and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale for diabetes distress. A range of factors related to demographic, diagnostic profile, lifestyle, social support and treatment of diabetes were also identified for case-mix adjustment. Conclusions: We recommend the standard set identified in this study for use in routine practice to monitor, benchmark and improve diabetes care. The inclusion of patient-reported outcomes enables people living with diabetes to report directly on their condition in a structured way.
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2009-2018 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Diabetic Medicine |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue number | 12 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This project was made possible thanks to funding from Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi and JDRF, United States. Members of the working group did not receive financial compensation for their participation. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors; no representation of the views of the funding sources is implied. The funders played no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK
