ABCA4 c.859-25A>G, a Frequent Palestinian Founder Mutation Affecting the Intron 7 Branchpoint, Is Associated With Early-Onset Stargardt Disease

Zelia Corradi, Manar Salameh, Mubeen Khan, Elise Héon, Ketan Mishra, Rebekkah J. Hitti-Malin, Yahya AlSwaiti, Alice Aslanian, Eyal Banin, Brian P. Brooks, Wadih M. Zein, Robert B. Hufnagel, Susanne Roosing, Claire Marie Dhaenens, Dror Sharon, Frans P.M. Cremers*, Alaa AlTalbishi

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

PURPOSE. The effect of noncoding variants is often unknown in the absence of functional assays. Here, we characterized an ABCA4 intron 7 variant, c.859-25A>G, identified in Palestinian probands with Stargardt disease (STGD) or cone-rod dystrophy (CRD). We investigated the effect of this variant on the ABCA4 mRNA and retinal phenotype, and its prevalence in Palestine. METHODS. The ABCA4 gene was sequenced completely or partially in 1998 cases with STGD or CRD. The effect of c.859-25A>G on splicing was investigated in silico using SpliceAI and in vitro using splice assays. Homozygosity mapping was performed for 16 affected individuals homozygous for c.859-25A>G. The clinical phenotype was assessed using functional and structural analyses including visual acuity, full-field electroretinography, and multimodal imaging. RESULTS. The smMIPs-based ABCA4 sequencing revealed c.859-25A>G in 10 Palestinian probands from Hebron and Jerusalem. SpliceAI predicted a significant effect of this putative branchpoint-inactivating variant on the nearby intron 7 splice acceptor site. Splice assays revealed exon 8 skipping and two partial inclusions of intron 7, each having a deleterious effect. Additional genotyping revealed another 46 affected homozygous or compound heterozygous individuals carrying variant c.859-25A>G. Homozygotes shared a genomic segment of 59.6 to 87.9 kb and showed severe retinal defects on ophthalmoscopic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS. The ABCA4 variant c.859-25A>G disrupts a predicted branchpoint, resulting in protein truncation because of different splice defects, and is associated with early-onset STGD1 when present in homozygosity. This variant was found in 25/525 Palestinian inherited retinal dystrophy probands, representing one of the most frequent inherited retinal disease-causing variants in West-Bank Palestine.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2778781
JournalInvestigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Volume63
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2022

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Keywords

  • ABCA4
  • founder mutation
  • splice defect
  • SpliceAI
  • Stargardt disease

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