Adaptive disinhibitory gating by VIP interneurons permits associative learning

Sabine Krabbe, Enrica Paradiso, Simon d’Aquin, Yael Bitterman, Julien Courtin, Chun Xu, Keisuke Yonehara, Milica Markovic, Christian Müller, Tobias Eichlisberger, Jan Gründemann*, Francesco Ferraguti, Andreas Lüthi

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

98 Scopus citations

Abstract

Learning drives behavioral adaptations necessary for survival. While plasticity of excitatory projection neurons during associative learning has been extensively studied, little is known about the contributions of local interneurons. Using fear conditioning as a model for associative learning, we found that behaviorally relevant, salient stimuli cause learning by tapping into a local microcircuit consisting of precisely connected subtypes of inhibitory interneurons. By employing deep-brain calcium imaging and optogenetics, we demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons in the basolateral amygdala are activated by aversive events and provide a mandatory disinhibitory signal for associative learning. Notably, VIP interneuron responses during learning are strongly modulated by expectations. Our findings indicate that VIP interneurons are a central component of a dynamic circuit motif that mediates adaptive disinhibitory gating to specifically learn about unexpected, salient events, thereby ensuring appropriate behavioral adaptations.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1834-1843
Number of pages10
JournalNature Neuroscience
Volume22
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Nov 2019
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

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