TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in Chloride Nutrition of Plants
AU - Xu, Guohua
AU - Magen, Hillel
AU - Tarchitzky, Jorge
AU - Kafkafi, Uzi
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - The dependence of modern agriculture on irrigation and chemical fertilization emphasizes the problem of chloride accumulation in soils and its adverse effect on plants rather than on its deficiency. This review evaluates chloride behavior in the soil environment and its functions in plants as an essential nutrient, as a disease suppressor, and as an osmoticum in plant cells. The management practice of chloride content in the root zone of irrigated agricultural soil is reviewed. Both the positive and the negative effects of chloride on plant growth and marketable quality under normal and particularly under saline conditions are discussed. Some mechanisms of crop requirement and tolerance to chloride are also evaluated. The close relationship between potassium and chloride in specific plant cells is described. Potassium and nitrate roles in increasing plant tolerance to salinity and in reducing the hazard of using saline water are discussed on the cell and whole plant levels. Chloride influence on reducing the nitrification rate of ammonium fertilizers in the soils is discussed in relation to rice field management. The practical applications of irrigation methods to prevent excessive chloride accumulation in the root zone are also discussed.
AB - The dependence of modern agriculture on irrigation and chemical fertilization emphasizes the problem of chloride accumulation in soils and its adverse effect on plants rather than on its deficiency. This review evaluates chloride behavior in the soil environment and its functions in plants as an essential nutrient, as a disease suppressor, and as an osmoticum in plant cells. The management practice of chloride content in the root zone of irrigated agricultural soil is reviewed. Both the positive and the negative effects of chloride on plant growth and marketable quality under normal and particularly under saline conditions are discussed. Some mechanisms of crop requirement and tolerance to chloride are also evaluated. The close relationship between potassium and chloride in specific plant cells is described. Potassium and nitrate roles in increasing plant tolerance to salinity and in reducing the hazard of using saline water are discussed on the cell and whole plant levels. Chloride influence on reducing the nitrification rate of ammonium fertilizers in the soils is discussed in relation to rice field management. The practical applications of irrigation methods to prevent excessive chloride accumulation in the root zone are also discussed.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77956950360&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60844-5
DO - 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60844-5
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AN - SCOPUS:77956950360
SN - 0065-2113
VL - 68
SP - 97-110,110A,110B,111-150
JO - Advances in Agronomy
JF - Advances in Agronomy
IS - C
ER -