Analysis of NAD(P)⁺/NAD(P)H cofactors by imprinted polymer membranes associated with ion-sensitive field-effect transistor devices and Au-quartz crystals

Specific recognition sites for the NAD(P)⁺ and NAD(P)H cofactors are imprinted in a cross-linked acrylamide- acrylamidophenylboronic acid copolymer membrane. The imprinted membranes, associated with pH-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) or Au-quartz piezoelectric crystals, enable the potentiometric or microgravimetric analysis of the oxidized NAD(P)⁺ cofactors and the reduced NAD(P)H cofactors, respectively. The NAD⁺- and NADP⁺-imprinted membranes associated with the ISFET allow the analysis of NAD⁺ and NADP⁺ with sensitivities that correspond to 15.0 and 18.0 mV·decade^-1 and detection limits of 4 × 10^-7 and 2 × 10^-7 M, respectively. The NADH- and NADPH-imprinted membranes associated with the ISFET device enable the analysis of NADH and NADPH with sensitivities that correspond to 24.2 and 21.8 mV·decade^-1 and lower detection limits that are 1 × 10^-7 and 2 × 10^-7 M, respectively. The ISFET devices functionalized with the NADH and NADPH membranes are employed in the analysis of the biocatalyzed oxidation of lactic acid and ethanol in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively.