TY - JOUR
T1 - Antibacterial orthodontic cements and adhesives
T2 - A possible solution to Streptococcus mutans outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic appliances
AU - Varon-Shahar, Einat
AU - Sharon, Esi
AU - Zabrovsky, Asher
AU - Houri-Haddad, Yael
AU - Beyth, Nurit
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Quintessenz.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Purpose: To assess the antibacterial effect of orthodontic cements containing 1% insoluble antibacterial polycationic nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: Polycationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanoparticles were incorporated into GC Fuji Ortho LC (GC), CX-plus (Shofu) orthodontic cements and in Neobond Transbond plus (Denstply) and Transbond XT (3M) orthodontic adhesives. The samples were evaluated immediately after setting, as well as after two weeks and one month of aging. The antibacterial effect against S. mutans was evaluated with the direct contact test and the agar diffusion test. In addition, the antibacterial properties of the eluate from the examined materials was tested. Four-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used to determine bacterial growth rates. Results: S. mutans outgrowth was substantially reduced (p < 0.05) following direct contact with the surface of Neobond adhesives (95%, i.e. 5-6 log reduction) and GC Fuji Ortho LC cement samples (97% reduction) containing PEI nanoparticles. CX-plus cement, Transbond plus and Transbond XT adhesives with and without PEI showed no antibacterial effect, and S. mutans outgrowth was similar to that of the controls. Conclusions: Neobond adhesive and GC Fuji Ortho LC cement with 1% incorporated insoluble antibacterial polycationic nanoparticles exhibited stable antibacterial properties, particularly after immediate contact between the cement and the adhesive, and thus may prevent S. mutans outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic appliances. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy, physical properties and possible side effects of the PEI nanoparticles in vivo.
AB - Purpose: To assess the antibacterial effect of orthodontic cements containing 1% insoluble antibacterial polycationic nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: Polycationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanoparticles were incorporated into GC Fuji Ortho LC (GC), CX-plus (Shofu) orthodontic cements and in Neobond Transbond plus (Denstply) and Transbond XT (3M) orthodontic adhesives. The samples were evaluated immediately after setting, as well as after two weeks and one month of aging. The antibacterial effect against S. mutans was evaluated with the direct contact test and the agar diffusion test. In addition, the antibacterial properties of the eluate from the examined materials was tested. Four-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used to determine bacterial growth rates. Results: S. mutans outgrowth was substantially reduced (p < 0.05) following direct contact with the surface of Neobond adhesives (95%, i.e. 5-6 log reduction) and GC Fuji Ortho LC cement samples (97% reduction) containing PEI nanoparticles. CX-plus cement, Transbond plus and Transbond XT adhesives with and without PEI showed no antibacterial effect, and S. mutans outgrowth was similar to that of the controls. Conclusions: Neobond adhesive and GC Fuji Ortho LC cement with 1% incorporated insoluble antibacterial polycationic nanoparticles exhibited stable antibacterial properties, particularly after immediate contact between the cement and the adhesive, and thus may prevent S. mutans outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic appliances. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy, physical properties and possible side effects of the PEI nanoparticles in vivo.
KW - Antibacterial
KW - Direct contact test
KW - Orthodontic cement
KW - Quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine
KW - S. mutans
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061982596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3290/j.ohpd.a41983
DO - 10.3290/j.ohpd.a41983
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C2 - 30793122
AN - SCOPUS:85061982596
SN - 1602-1622
VL - 17
SP - 49
EP - 56
JO - Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry
JF - Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry
IS - 1
ER -