TY - JOUR
T1 - Are We Puppets on a String?
T2 - The Contextual Meaning of Unconscious Expressive Cues
AU - Tamir, Maya
AU - Robinson, Michael D.
AU - Clore, Gerald L.
AU - Martin, Leonard L.
AU - Whitaker, Daniel J.
PY - 2004/2
Y1 - 2004/2
N2 - In three studies, the authors show that unconscious expressive cites can lead to opposite evaluations, depending on the context in which they occur. In Study 1, brow (vs. cheek) tension reduced preferences in an easy judgment context but increased preferences in a difficult context. In Study 2, head shaking (vs. nodding) either increased or decreased prosocial affect depending on the context in which the judged character was presented. In Study 3, a subliminal smile (vs. frown) led to higher self-ratings of performance when paired with one's own actions but to lower self-ratings of performance when paired with a competitor's actions. Together, these results suggest that the meaning of unconscious expressive cues is not fixed.
AB - In three studies, the authors show that unconscious expressive cites can lead to opposite evaluations, depending on the context in which they occur. In Study 1, brow (vs. cheek) tension reduced preferences in an easy judgment context but increased preferences in a difficult context. In Study 2, head shaking (vs. nodding) either increased or decreased prosocial affect depending on the context in which the judged character was presented. In Study 3, a subliminal smile (vs. frown) led to higher self-ratings of performance when paired with one's own actions but to lower self-ratings of performance when paired with a competitor's actions. Together, these results suggest that the meaning of unconscious expressive cues is not fixed.
KW - Affect
KW - Bodily expressions
KW - Evaluation
KW - Nonconscious processing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0942300561&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0146167203259934
DO - 10.1177/0146167203259934
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C2 - 15030636
AN - SCOPUS:0942300561
SN - 0146-1672
VL - 30
SP - 237
EP - 249
JO - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
IS - 2
ER -