Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector

Trond I. Andersen; Ryan J. Gelly; Giovanni Scuri; Bo L. Dwyer; Dominik S. Wild; Rivka Bekenstein; Andrey Sushko; Jiho Sung; You Zhou; Alexander A. Zibrov; Xiaoling Liu; Andrew Y. Joe; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Susanne F. Yelin; Philip Kim; Hongkun Park; Mikhail D. Lukin

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0

Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector

Trond I. Andersen, Ryan J. Gelly, Giovanni Scuri, Bo L. Dwyer, Dominik S. Wild, Rivka Bekenstein, Andrey Sushko, Jiho Sung, You Zhou, Alexander A. Zibrov, Xiaoling Liu, Andrew Y. Joe, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Susanne F. Yelin, Philip Kim, Hongkun Park^*, Mikhail D. Lukin^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding challenges in the field. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a few-pixel beam steering device based on electrostatic gate control of excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor with strong light-matter interactions. By combining the high reflectivity of a MoSe₂ monolayer with a graphene split-gate geometry, we shape the wavefront phase profile to achieve continuously tunable beam deflection with a range of 10°, two-dimensional beam steering, and switching times down to 1.6 nanoseconds. Our approach opens the door for a new class of atomically thin optical systems, such as rapidly switchable beam arrays and quantum metasurfaces operating at their fundamental thickness limit.

Original language	American English
Article number	3431
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0
State	Published - Dec 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge support from the DoD Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship (N00014-16-1-2825 for H.P., N00014-18-1-2877 for P.K.), NSF (PHY-1506284 for H.P. and M.D.L.), NSF CUA (PHY-1125846 for S.F.Y., H.P., and M.D.L.), AFOSR MURI (FA9550-17-1-0002), ARL (W911NF1520067 for H.P. and M.D.L.), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4543 for P.K.), ONR MURI (N00014-15-1-2761 for P.K.), DOE (DE-SC0020115 for S.F.Y.), and Samsung Electronics (for P.K. and H.P.). All fabrication was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award 1541959. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and the CREST (JPMJCR15F3), JST. A.S. acknowledges support from the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation and the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101023276.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).

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Andersen, T. I., Gelly, R. J., Scuri, G., Dwyer, B. L., Wild, D. S., Bekenstein, R., Sushko, A., Sung, J., Zhou, Y., Zibrov, A. A., Liu, X., Joe, A. Y., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Yelin, S. F., Kim, P., Park, H., & Lukin, M. D. (2022). Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 3431. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0

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title = "Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector",

abstract = "Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding challenges in the field. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a few-pixel beam steering device based on electrostatic gate control of excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor with strong light-matter interactions. By combining the high reflectivity of a MoSe2 monolayer with a graphene split-gate geometry, we shape the wavefront phase profile to achieve continuously tunable beam deflection with a range of 10°, two-dimensional beam steering, and switching times down to 1.6 nanoseconds. Our approach opens the door for a new class of atomically thin optical systems, such as rapidly switchable beam arrays and quantum metasurfaces operating at their fundamental thickness limit.",

author = "Andersen, {Trond I.} and Gelly, {Ryan J.} and Giovanni Scuri and Dwyer, {Bo L.} and Wild, {Dominik S.} and Rivka Bekenstein and Andrey Sushko and Jiho Sung and You Zhou and Zibrov, {Alexander A.} and Xiaoling Liu and Joe, {Andrew Y.} and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Yelin, {Susanne F.} and Philip Kim and Hongkun Park and Lukin, {Mikhail D.}",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge support from the DoD Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship (N00014-16-1-2825 for H.P., N00014-18-1-2877 for P.K.), NSF (PHY-1506284 for H.P. and M.D.L.), NSF CUA (PHY-1125846 for S.F.Y., H.P., and M.D.L.), AFOSR MURI (FA9550-17-1-0002), ARL (W911NF1520067 for H.P. and M.D.L.), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4543 for P.K.), ONR MURI (N00014-15-1-2761 for P.K.), DOE (DE-SC0020115 for S.F.Y.), and Samsung Electronics (for P.K. and H.P.). All fabrication was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award 1541959. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and the CREST (JPMJCR15F3), JST. A.S. acknowledges support from the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation and the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans. This project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101023276. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0",

language = "American English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Nature Communications",

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T1 - Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector

AU - Andersen, Trond I.

AU - Gelly, Ryan J.

AU - Scuri, Giovanni

AU - Dwyer, Bo L.

AU - Wild, Dominik S.

AU - Bekenstein, Rivka

AU - Sushko, Andrey

AU - Sung, Jiho

AU - Zhou, You

AU - Zibrov, Alexander A.

AU - Liu, Xiaoling

AU - Joe, Andrew Y.

AU - Watanabe, Kenji

AU - Taniguchi, Takashi

AU - Yelin, Susanne F.

AU - Kim, Philip

AU - Park, Hongkun

AU - Lukin, Mikhail D.

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge support from the DoD Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship (N00014-16-1-2825 for H.P., N00014-18-1-2877 for P.K.), NSF (PHY-1506284 for H.P. and M.D.L.), NSF CUA (PHY-1125846 for S.F.Y., H.P., and M.D.L.), AFOSR MURI (FA9550-17-1-0002), ARL (W911NF1520067 for H.P. and M.D.L.), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4543 for P.K.), ONR MURI (N00014-15-1-2761 for P.K.), DOE (DE-SC0020115 for S.F.Y.), and Samsung Electronics (for P.K. and H.P.). All fabrication was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award 1541959. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and the CREST (JPMJCR15F3), JST. A.S. acknowledges support from the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation and the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101023276. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding challenges in the field. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a few-pixel beam steering device based on electrostatic gate control of excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor with strong light-matter interactions. By combining the high reflectivity of a MoSe2 monolayer with a graphene split-gate geometry, we shape the wavefront phase profile to achieve continuously tunable beam deflection with a range of 10°, two-dimensional beam steering, and switching times down to 1.6 nanoseconds. Our approach opens the door for a new class of atomically thin optical systems, such as rapidly switchable beam arrays and quantum metasurfaces operating at their fundamental thickness limit.

AB - Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding challenges in the field. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a few-pixel beam steering device based on electrostatic gate control of excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor with strong light-matter interactions. By combining the high reflectivity of a MoSe2 monolayer with a graphene split-gate geometry, we shape the wavefront phase profile to achieve continuously tunable beam deflection with a range of 10°, two-dimensional beam steering, and switching times down to 1.6 nanoseconds. Our approach opens the door for a new class of atomically thin optical systems, such as rapidly switchable beam arrays and quantum metasurfaces operating at their fundamental thickness limit.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0

DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0

M3 - Article

C2 - 35701395

AN - SCOPUS:85131962209

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 13

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

M1 - 3431

ER -

Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector

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