Blockade of Interleukin-6 Trans-signaling in the Presence of Certain Gut Microbiota Induces Mature-onset Obesity in Mice

  • Tali Lanton
  • , Dana Eidelshtein
  • , Jacob Rachmilewitz
  • , Rinat Abramovitch
  • , Orit Pappo
  • , Shiran Udi
  • , Saja Baraghithy
  • , Joseph Tam
  • , Sharon Perles
  • , Evan Williams
  • , Sharona Elgavish
  • , Shmuel Ruppo
  • , Hadar Benyamini
  • , Uria Mor
  • , Eran Elinav
  • , Dirk Schmidt-Arras
  • , Ateequr Rehman
  • , Philip Rosenstiel
  • , Anastasios Giannou
  • , Samuel Huber
  • Stefan Rose-John, Eithan Galun, Jonathan H. Axelrod*
*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background and Aims: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) performs multiple roles in regulating metabolic pathways in both mice and man. Here, we examined the age-dependent metabolic phenotype of SGP mice—mice overexpressing sgp130, a factor that specifically blocks IL-6 trans-signaling—that were housed in distant vivaria. Methods: Transgenic SGP mice engineered to block IL-6 trans-signaling and wild-type littermates were raised in a Jerusalem animal facility to up to 14 months of age and assessed for weight gain, body composition, and metabolic determinants of energy expenditure in young versus aged mice. Proteomic and RNA-seq analyses were performed on liver samples as a function of age and genotype. Results: At ∼6 months of age, weight gain, body fat accumulation, hepatosteatosis, hyperglycemia, and macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue emerged and progressed with age in SGP mice maintained in the Jerusalem animal facility, but not in 3 other vivaria. IL-6/sIL-6R blockade strongly reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in the liver, and hepatocyte-targeted ablation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 recapitulated the IL-6 trans-signaling blockade phenotype. Multiomics analyses of mouse livers revealed age- and genotype-related changes in gene expression profiles attributable to bacterial byproducts. Depletion of the gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment from the age of 6 months reversed the obese phenotype in transgenic mice, confirming the crucial role of the microbiome in the phenotype. Accordingly, the microbiome of mice from the Jerusalem animal facility differed significantly from that of mice from animal facilities in Kiel and Hamburg, Germany, where the same mice did not develop a metabolic phenotype. Conclusion: These findings reveal the crucial functions of IL-6 trans-signaling in preventing mature-onset body fat accumulation induced by certain intestinal microbiota.

Original languageEnglish
Article number100819
JournalGastro Hep Advances
Volume5
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2026

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors

Keywords

  • Hepatic steatosis
  • Interleukin-6
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Obesity
  • Sgp130

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