BRCA genetic testing of individuals from families with low prevalence of cancer: Experiences of carriers and implications for population screening

Purpose: BRCA genes are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Guidelines worldwide currently recommend BRCA genetic testing in asymptomatic individuals only if they belong to high-risk families. However, population screening for BRCA1/2 may be the logical next step in populations with a high prevalence of founder mutations, such as Ashkenazi Jews. This study aimed to explore (i) the impact of a positive BRCA genetic test result on individuals who have neither a personal history nor a familial history of cancer and (ii) their attitudes toward the concept of population screening. Methods: Semistructured in-depth interviews were carried out with 14 Ashkenazi Jewish women who were asymptomatic BRCA carriers and who belonged to families with low prevalence of cancer. Results: Three main findings emerged: (i) having no family history of cancer was a source of optimism but also confusion; (ii) engaging in intensified medical surveillance and undergoing preventive procedures was perceived as health-promoting but also tended to induce a sense of physical and psychological vulnerability; and (iii) there was overall support for BRCA population screening, with some reservations. Conclusion: Women belonging to low-cancer-prevalence families within a high-risk ethnic community view BRCA genetic testing positively despite the difficulties entailed, because it allows prevention or early detection of cancer. However, implementing a BRCA population screening program should be carried out with proper pre-and post-testing preparation and support for the individuals undergoing testing.