Breakthrough curves in granular media filtration

Experimental data show that the breakthrough curves observed in filtration in the case of both surface-force-dominated deposition and flocculationdominated deposition display a general similarity. Some theoretical observations on these extreme cases of deposition behavior are presented. The analyses presented focus on the prediction of the breakthrough curves that could be expected in each case. Solutions for breakthrough curves are given, and their relationship to the deposition mechanisms and the corresponding boundary conditions is examined. The models provide a general approach for surface-force-dominated deposition, contact-flocculation filtration, direct filtration, and related phenomena. The parameters included in the formulation represent both the gross accumulation (deposition) mechanisms and the mechanisms or forces that oppose deposition. The models are applicable to various types of waters, flocculants, filter beds, and soils.