TY - JOUR
T1 - Composting municipal biosolids in polyethylene sleeves with forced aeration
T2 - Process control, air emissions, sanitary and agronomic aspects
AU - Avidov, R.
AU - Saadi, I.
AU - Krassnovsky, A.
AU - Hanan, A.
AU - Medina, Sh
AU - Raviv, M.
AU - Chen, Y.
AU - Laor, Y.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - Composting in polyethylene sleeves with forced aeration may minimize odor emissions, vectors attraction and leachates associated with open windrows. A disadvantage of this technology is the lack of mixing during composting, potentially leading to non-uniform products. In two pilot experiments using biosolids and green waste (1:1; v:v), thermophilic conditions (>45 °C) were maintained for two months, with successful control of oxygen levels and sufficient moisture. Emitted odors declined from 1.5–3.8 × 105 to 5.9 × 103–2.3 × 104 odor units m−3-air in the first 3 weeks of the process, emphasizing the need of odor control primarily during this period. Therefore, composting might be managed in two phases: (i) a closed sleeve for 6–8 weeks during which the odor is treated; (ii) an open pile (odor control is not necessary). Reduction of salmonella, E. coli and coliforms was effective initially, meeting the standards of “Class A” biosolids; however, total and fecal coliforms density increased after opening the second sleeve and exceeded the standard of 1000 most probable number (MPN) per g dry matter. Compost maturity was achieved in the open piles following the two sleeves and the final compost was non-phytotoxic and beneficial as a soil additive.
AB - Composting in polyethylene sleeves with forced aeration may minimize odor emissions, vectors attraction and leachates associated with open windrows. A disadvantage of this technology is the lack of mixing during composting, potentially leading to non-uniform products. In two pilot experiments using biosolids and green waste (1:1; v:v), thermophilic conditions (>45 °C) were maintained for two months, with successful control of oxygen levels and sufficient moisture. Emitted odors declined from 1.5–3.8 × 105 to 5.9 × 103–2.3 × 104 odor units m−3-air in the first 3 weeks of the process, emphasizing the need of odor control primarily during this period. Therefore, composting might be managed in two phases: (i) a closed sleeve for 6–8 weeks during which the odor is treated; (ii) an open pile (odor control is not necessary). Reduction of salmonella, E. coli and coliforms was effective initially, meeting the standards of “Class A” biosolids; however, total and fecal coliforms density increased after opening the second sleeve and exceeded the standard of 1000 most probable number (MPN) per g dry matter. Compost maturity was achieved in the open piles following the two sleeves and the final compost was non-phytotoxic and beneficial as a soil additive.
KW - Class-A biosolids
KW - EcoPod® technology
KW - In-vessel composting
KW - Odor emission
KW - Pathogens elimination
KW - Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85020193075&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.035
DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.035
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C2 - 28595805
AN - SCOPUS:85020193075
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 67
SP - 32
EP - 42
JO - Waste Management
JF - Waste Management
ER -