TY - JOUR
T1 - Cross-cultural evidence of female indirect aggression
AU - Österman, Karin
AU - Björkqvist, Kaj
AU - Lagerspetz, Kirsti M.J.
AU - Kaukiainen, Ari
AU - Landau, Simha F.
AU - Fra̧czek, Adam
AU - Caprara, Gian Vittorio
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - Three types of aggressive behavior (physical, verbal, and indirect) were investigated by help of peer estimations based on The Direct & Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS) (Finland: Åbo Akademi University) [Björkqvist et al., 1992b]. Aggressive behavior of adolescents of three age groups (8, 11, and 15 years old), in Finland, (Finnish and Swedish speakers), Israel (secular and religious Israelis), Italy, and Poland were studied (n=2094). Indirect aggression was, in proportional terms, the aggressive style mostly used by girls, across nations, ethnic groups, and age groups studied. Verbal aggression was their second most used style, and physical aggression was applied least often by girls. Among boys, indirect aggression was, in all ages, the least used aggressive style. Physical and verbal aggression was, by boys, used equally often at ages 8 and 11, while, at the age of 15, verbal aggression had surpassed physical aggression and was the most used style. Scores of victimization to other's aggression showed somewhat similar trends. Aggr. Behav. 24:1-8, 1998.
AB - Three types of aggressive behavior (physical, verbal, and indirect) were investigated by help of peer estimations based on The Direct & Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS) (Finland: Åbo Akademi University) [Björkqvist et al., 1992b]. Aggressive behavior of adolescents of three age groups (8, 11, and 15 years old), in Finland, (Finnish and Swedish speakers), Israel (secular and religious Israelis), Italy, and Poland were studied (n=2094). Indirect aggression was, in proportional terms, the aggressive style mostly used by girls, across nations, ethnic groups, and age groups studied. Verbal aggression was their second most used style, and physical aggression was applied least often by girls. Among boys, indirect aggression was, in all ages, the least used aggressive style. Physical and verbal aggression was, by boys, used equally often at ages 8 and 11, while, at the age of 15, verbal aggression had surpassed physical aggression and was the most used style. Scores of victimization to other's aggression showed somewhat similar trends. Aggr. Behav. 24:1-8, 1998.
KW - And physical aggression
KW - Cross-cultural
KW - Indirect
KW - Sex differences
KW - Verbal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0039065148&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1998)24:1<1::aid-ab1>3.0.co;2-r
DO - 10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1998)24:1<1::aid-ab1>3.0.co;2-r
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AN - SCOPUS:0039065148
SN - 0096-140X
VL - 24
SP - 1
EP - 8
JO - Aggressive Behavior
JF - Aggressive Behavior
IS - 1
ER -