Cytokine storm in COVID-19: from viral infection to immune responses, diagnosis and therapy

Yizhou Jiang, Limor Rubin, Tangming Peng, Linlin Liu, Xingan Xing, Philip Lazarovici, Wenhua Zheng*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

83 Scopus citations

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak is emerging as a significant public health challenge. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as cytokine storm, is a severe clinical syndrome known to develop as a complication of infectious or inflammatory diseases. Clinical evidence suggests that the occurrence of cytokine storm in severe acute respiratory syndrome secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is closely associated with the rapid deterioration and high mortality of severe cases. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent immunological events related to excessive cytokine production and inflammatory responses associated with ACE2-AngII signaling. An overview of the diagnosis and an update on current therapeutic regimens and vaccinations is also provided.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)459-472
Number of pages14
JournalInternational Journal of Biological Sciences
Volume18
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The author(s).

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • Cytokine storm
  • Cytokines
  • Diagnosis
  • Immune response
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Therapy
  • Vaccination

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