Deconstructing the "two Factors": The Historical Origins of the Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotions

In this contribution, I interrogate the historical-intellectual narrative that dominates the history of the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion. In the first part, I propose that a social influence model became generalized to a cognitive view. I argue that Schachter and Singer presented a cognitive theory of emotions in enacting inside the laboratory Schachter's preceding "social influence" model of emotions and that Schachter's adoption of a cognitive model of emotion was driven by and was necessary for his previous research on social influence. In the second part, I argue that the Schachter-Singer theory is remarkable not because it introduced a cognitive turn in emotion, but because it presented sympathetic nervous system activation as an essential constitutive element of every emotion.