Elucidation of the Charging Mechanisms and the Coupled Structural–Mechanical Behavior of Ti3C2Tx (MXenes) Electrodes by In Situ Techniques

Gil Bergman, Elad Ballas, Qiang Gao, Amey Nimkar, Bar Gavriel, Mikhael D. Levi, Daniel Sharon, Fyodor Malchik*, Xuehang Wang*, Netanel Shpigel*, Daniel Mandler, Doron Aurbach*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

The discovery of the Ti3C2Tx compounds (MXenes) a decade ago opened new research directions and valuable opportunities for high-rate energy storage applications. The unique ability of the MXenes to host various mono- and multivalent cations and their high stability in different electrolyte environments including aqueous, organic, and ionic liquid solutions, promoted the rapid development of advanced MXene-based electrodes for a large variety of applications. Unlike the vast majority of typical intercalation compounds, the electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes is strongly influenced by the presence of co-inserted solvent molecules, which cannot be detected by conventional current/potential electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, the electrochemical insertion of ions into MXene interspaces results in strong coupling with the intercalation-induced structural, dimensional, and viscoelastic changes in the polarized MXene electrodes. To shed light on the charging mechanisms of MXene systems and their associated phenomena, the use of a large variety of real-time monitoring techniques has been proposed in recent years. This review summarizes the most essential findings related to the charging mechanism of Ti3C2Tx electrodes and their potential induced structural and mechanical phenomena obtained by in situ investigations.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2203154
JournalAdvanced Energy Materials
Volume13
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - 24 Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Keywords

  • MXenes
  • Ti C T
  • in situ techniques
  • pseudo-capacitors
  • super-capacitors

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