Entanglement generation by interaction with semiclassical radiation

We address a fundamental issue in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory-the generation of an entangled pair of qubits that interact solely through a third, semiclassical degree of freedom-in the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We show that finite, although not maximal, entanglement is obtainable in the classical limit, at the price of a diverging effective interaction time. The optimal atomic entanglement derives from a trade-off between the atomic entanglement in a sub-wave packet and the purity of the atomic state. Decoherence by photon loss sets an upper limit on the degree of excitation of the cavity mode, beyond which the achievable entanglement decreases as the inverse mean photon number to the sixth power.