Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of symmetric and asymmetric analogues of the DNA intercalating drug mitoxantrone (MTX) in which the side chains of the parent drug were modified through glycosylation or methyl etherification. Several analogues with glycosylated side chains exhibited higher DNA affinity than the parent MTX. The most potent in vitro cytotoxicity was observed for MTX analogue 8 (1,4-dimethoxy-5,8-bis[2-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethylamino]anthracene-9,10-dione) with methoxy ether containing side chains. Treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with MTX or analogue 8 decreased the intraperitoneal tumor burden relative to untreated mice; the effect of 8 was less pronounced than that of MTX. In vitro metabolism assays of MTX with rabbit liver S9 fraction gave rise to several metabolites; almost no metabolites were detected for MTX analogue 8. The results presented indicate that derivatization of the MTX side chain primary hydroxy groups may result in a significant improvement in DNA affinity and lower susceptibility to the formation of potentially toxic metabolites.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1528-1538 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | ChemMedChem |
Volume | 10 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Sep 2015 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Keywords
- antitumor agents
- cytotoxic agents
- DNA intercalating drugs
- drug metabolism
- mitoxantrone