Femtosecond laser-induced damage threshold in snow micro-structured targets

Engineering & Materials Science

• Laser damage 100%
• Femtosecond lasers 90%
• Snow 69%
• Lasers 43%
• Laser pulses 30%
• Protons 27%
• Ultrashort pulses 18%
• Hot electrons 17%
• Sapphire 15%
• Explosions 10%

Physics & Astronomy

• snow 77%
• yield point 62%
• lasers 25%
• pulses 19%
• proton energy 10%
• hot electrons 10%
• explosions 8%
• sapphire 8%
• pulse duration 7%
• interactions 7%
• protons 6%
• augmentation 5%
• energy 5%
• profiles 5%

Chemical Compounds

• Optical Damage Threshold 76%
• Hot Electron 27%
• Energy 27%
• Proton 25%
• Time 6%