TY - JOUR
T1 - Film formation mechanisms in mixed-dimensional 2D/3D halide perovskite films revealed by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering
AU - Hoffman, Justin M.
AU - Hadar, Ido
AU - Li, Xiaotong
AU - Ke, Weijun
AU - Vasileiadou, Eugenia S.
AU - Strzalka, Joseph
AU - Chen, Lin X.
AU - Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/4/14
Y1 - 2022/4/14
N2 - Mixed-dimensional 2D/3D hybrid halide perovskites retain the stability of 2D perovskites (formula (A′)2(A)n−1PbnI3n+1) and long diffusion lengths of the 3D materials (AMX3), thereby affording devices with extended stability as well as state-of-the art efficiencies approaching those of the 3D materials. These films are made by spin-coating precursor solutions with an arbitrarily large average layer thickness n (⟨n⟩ > 7) to give films with both 2D and 3D phases. Although the 2D and 3D perovskite film formation mechanisms have been studied, little is understood about composite 2D/3D film formation. We used in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering with synchrotron radiation to characterize the films fabricated from precursor solutions with stoichiometries of (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 (⟨n⟩ = 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 50, and ∞ (MAPbI3)). Four different mechanisms are seen depending on the stoichiometry in the precursor solution. Kinetic analysis shows faster and earlier growth of the solvate with increasing ⟨n⟩.
AB - Mixed-dimensional 2D/3D hybrid halide perovskites retain the stability of 2D perovskites (formula (A′)2(A)n−1PbnI3n+1) and long diffusion lengths of the 3D materials (AMX3), thereby affording devices with extended stability as well as state-of-the art efficiencies approaching those of the 3D materials. These films are made by spin-coating precursor solutions with an arbitrarily large average layer thickness n (⟨n⟩ > 7) to give films with both 2D and 3D phases. Although the 2D and 3D perovskite film formation mechanisms have been studied, little is understood about composite 2D/3D film formation. We used in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering with synchrotron radiation to characterize the films fabricated from precursor solutions with stoichiometries of (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 (⟨n⟩ = 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 50, and ∞ (MAPbI3)). Four different mechanisms are seen depending on the stoichiometry in the precursor solution. Kinetic analysis shows faster and earlier growth of the solvate with increasing ⟨n⟩.
KW - GIWAXS
KW - SDG7: Affordable and clean energy
KW - kinetics
KW - mechanism
KW - perovskites
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124037759&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.022
DO - 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.022
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AN - SCOPUS:85124037759
SN - 2451-9308
VL - 8
SP - 1067
EP - 1082
JO - Chem
JF - Chem
IS - 4
ER -
