Foraging, nesting, and roosting habitats of the avian fauna of the Agmon wetland, northern Israel

The foraging, nesting and roosting habitats of the avian fauna of a newly created Agmon wetland and surrounding cultivated peat land (5 km²) in the Hula Valley, northern Israel, were evaluated (January 1996-February 1997) to assess the value as a habitat and for wildlife tourism. We recorded 180 bird species (herons, dabbling ducks, kingfishers, waders, wagtails and raptors) in different habitats (the lake, shores, cattail and reed-bed stands, trees, temporary inundated areas). The most heavily used habitat for foraging, breeding, and roosting was a large cattail stand in the southern third of the lake. The foraging habitat and diet data of 97 avian species were determined. The most intensively used foraging habitats were cultivated fields, lake shore reed-beds, shallow canals and the cattail stand. Forty six species nested in the wetland during March-October, with 2,040 colonial and solitary nests mostly in the cattail stand, near-shore reed-beds and young trees. Roosts, also mostly in the cattail and reed-bed stands and in trees, were used by 55 species. Based on this survey of available habitats, we identified several key habitats that are either missing or require further development (e.g., temporarily inundated mud flats, reed-beds and bare islands). We also provide suggestions for improving the delicate balance between requirements of this developing wetland ecosystem and of the adjacent agricultural areas.