From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment

From the moment of birth, the newborn gastrointestinal tract is infiltrated by various bacteria originating from both maternal and environmental sources. These colonizing bacteria form a complex microbiota community that undergoes continuous changes until adulthood and plays an important role in infant health. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota is driven by many factors and follows a distinct patterned trajectory, with specific bacterial taxa establish in the intestine in accordance with developmental milestones as the infant grows. In this review, we highlight how elements such as diet and host physiology select for specific microbial functions and shape the composition of the bacterial community in the large intestine.