Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS

Viraj Pandya; Haowen Zhang; Marc Huertas-Company; Kartheik G. Iyer; Elizabeth McGrath; Guillermo Barro; Steven L. Finkelstein; Martin Kümmel; William G. Hartley; Henry C. Ferguson; Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe; Joel Primack; Avishai Dekel; Sandra M. Faber; David C. Koo; Greg L. Bryan; Rachel S. Somerville; Ricardo O. Amorín; Pablo Arrabal Haro; Micaela B. Bagley; Eric F. Bell; Emmanuel Bertin; Luca Costantin; Romeel Davé; Mark Dickinson; Robert Feldmann; Adriano Fontana; Raphael Gavazzi; Mauro Giavalisco; Andrea Grazian; Norman A. Grogin; Yuchen Guo; Chang Hoon Hahn; Benne W. Holwerda; Lisa J. Kewley; Allison Kirkpatrick; Dale D. Kocevski; Anton M. Koekemoer; Jennifer M. Lotz; Ray A. Lucas; Casey Papovich; Laura Pentericci; Pablo G. Pérez-González; Nor Pirzkal; Swara Ravindranath; Caitlin Rose; Marc Schefer; Raymond C. Simons; Amber N. Straughn; Sandro Tacchella; Jonathan R. Trump; Alexander de la Vega; Stephen M. Wilkins; Stijn Wuyts; Guang Yang; L. Y.Aaron Yung

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1a13

Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS

Viraj Pandya, Haowen Zhang, Marc Huertas-Company, Kartheik G. Iyer, Elizabeth McGrath, Guillermo Barro, Steven L. Finkelstein, Martin Kümmel, William G. Hartley, Henry C. Ferguson, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Joel Primack, Avishai Dekel, Sandra M. Faber, David C. Koo, Greg L. Bryan, Rachel S. Somerville, Ricardo O. Amorín, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Micaela B. BagleyEric F. Bell, Emmanuel Bertin, Luca Costantin, Romeel Davé, Mark Dickinson, Robert Feldmann, Adriano Fontana, Raphael Gavazzi, Mauro Giavalisco, Andrea Grazian, Norman A. Grogin, Yuchen Guo, Chang Hoon Hahn, Benne W. Holwerda, Lisa J. Kewley, Allison Kirkpatrick, Dale D. Kocevski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Casey Papovich, Laura Pentericci, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Nor Pirzkal, Swara Ravindranath, Caitlin Rose, Marc Schefer, Raymond C. Simons, Amber N. Straughn, Sandro Tacchella, Jonathan R. Trump, Alexander de la Vega, Stephen M. Wilkins, Stijn Wuyts, Guang Yang, L. Y.Aaron Yung

Racah Institute of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

The 3D geometries of high-redshift galaxies remain poorly understood. We build a differentiable Bayesian model and use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to efficiently and robustly infer the 3D shapes of star-forming galaxies in James Webb Space Telescope Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science observations with log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 10.5 at z = 0.5-8.0. We reproduce previous results from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey in a fraction of the computing time and constrain the mean ellipticity, triaxiality, size, and covariances with samples as small as ∼50 galaxies. We find high 3D ellipticities for all mass-redshift bins, suggesting oblate (disky) or prolate (elongated) geometries. We break that degeneracy by constraining the mean triaxiality to be ∼1 for log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 9.5 dwarfs at z > 1 (favoring the prolate scenario), with significantly lower triaxialities for higher masses and lower redshifts indicating the emergence of disks. The prolate population traces out a “banana” in the projected b / a - log a diagram with an excess of low-b/a, large- log a galaxies. The dwarf prolate fraction rises from ∼25% at z = 0.5-1.0 to ∼50%-80% at z = 3-8. Our results imply a second kind of disk settling from oval (triaxial) to more circular (axisymmetric) shapes with time. We simultaneously constrain the 3D size-mass relation and its dependence on 3D geometry. High-probability prolate and oblate candidates show remarkably similar Sérsic indices (n ∼ 1), nonparametric morphological properties, and specific star formation rates. Both tend to be visually classified as disks or irregular, but edge-on oblate candidates show more dust attenuation. We discuss selection effects, follow-up prospects, and theoretical implications.

Original language	English
Article number	54
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	963
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1a13
State	Published - 1 Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Pandya, V., Zhang, H., Huertas-Company, M., Iyer, K. G., McGrath, E., Barro, G., Finkelstein, S. L., Kümmel, M., Hartley, W. G., Ferguson, H. C., Kartaltepe, J. S., Primack, J., Dekel, A., Faber, S. M., Koo, D. C., Bryan, G. L., Somerville, R. S., Amorín, R. O., Arrabal Haro, P., ... Yung, L. Y. A. (2024). Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS. Astrophysical Journal, 963(1), Article 54. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1a13

@article{cf45de4a8659474e93ccb27dc37ff130,

title = "Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS",

abstract = "The 3D geometries of high-redshift galaxies remain poorly understood. We build a differentiable Bayesian model and use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to efficiently and robustly infer the 3D shapes of star-forming galaxies in James Webb Space Telescope Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science observations with log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 10.5 at z = 0.5-8.0. We reproduce previous results from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey in a fraction of the computing time and constrain the mean ellipticity, triaxiality, size, and covariances with samples as small as ∼50 galaxies. We find high 3D ellipticities for all mass-redshift bins, suggesting oblate (disky) or prolate (elongated) geometries. We break that degeneracy by constraining the mean triaxiality to be ∼1 for log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 9.5 dwarfs at z > 1 (favoring the prolate scenario), with significantly lower triaxialities for higher masses and lower redshifts indicating the emergence of disks. The prolate population traces out a “banana” in the projected b / a - log a diagram with an excess of low-b/a, large- log a galaxies. The dwarf prolate fraction rises from ∼25% at z = 0.5-1.0 to ∼50%-80% at z = 3-8. Our results imply a second kind of disk settling from oval (triaxial) to more circular (axisymmetric) shapes with time. We simultaneously constrain the 3D size-mass relation and its dependence on 3D geometry. High-probability prolate and oblate candidates show remarkably similar S{\'e}rsic indices (n ∼ 1), nonparametric morphological properties, and specific star formation rates. Both tend to be visually classified as disks or irregular, but edge-on oblate candidates show more dust attenuation. We discuss selection effects, follow-up prospects, and theoretical implications.",

author = "Viraj Pandya and Haowen Zhang and Marc Huertas-Company and Iyer, {Kartheik G.} and Elizabeth McGrath and Guillermo Barro and Finkelstein, {Steven L.} and Martin K{\"u}mmel and Hartley, {William G.} and Ferguson, {Henry C.} and Kartaltepe, {Jeyhan S.} and Joel Primack and Avishai Dekel and Faber, {Sandra M.} and Koo, {David C.} and Bryan, {Greg L.} and Somerville, {Rachel S.} and Amor{\'i}n, {Ricardo O.} and {Arrabal Haro}, Pablo and Bagley, {Micaela B.} and Bell, {Eric F.} and Emmanuel Bertin and Luca Costantin and Romeel Dav{\'e} and Mark Dickinson and Robert Feldmann and Adriano Fontana and Raphael Gavazzi and Mauro Giavalisco and Andrea Grazian and Grogin, {Norman A.} and Yuchen Guo and Hahn, {Chang Hoon} and Holwerda, {Benne W.} and Kewley, {Lisa J.} and Allison Kirkpatrick and Kocevski, {Dale D.} and Koekemoer, {Anton M.} and Lotz, {Jennifer M.} and Lucas, {Ray A.} and Casey Papovich and Laura Pentericci and P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez, {Pablo G.} and Nor Pirzkal and Swara Ravindranath and Caitlin Rose and Marc Schefer and Simons, {Raymond C.} and Straughn, {Amber N.} and Sandro Tacchella and Trump, {Jonathan R.} and {de la Vega}, Alexander and Wilkins, {Stephen M.} and Stijn Wuyts and Guang Yang and Yung, {L. Y.Aaron}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2024",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad1a13",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "963",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

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Pandya, V, Zhang, H, Huertas-Company, M, Iyer, KG, McGrath, E, Barro, G, Finkelstein, SL, Kümmel, M, Hartley, WG, Ferguson, HC, Kartaltepe, JS, Primack, J, Dekel, A, Faber, SM, Koo, DC, Bryan, GL, Somerville, RS, Amorín, RO, Arrabal Haro, P, Bagley, MB, Bell, EF, Bertin, E, Costantin, L, Davé, R, Dickinson, M, Feldmann, R, Fontana, A, Gavazzi, R, Giavalisco, M, Grazian, A, Grogin, NA, Guo, Y, Hahn, CH, Holwerda, BW, Kewley, LJ, Kirkpatrick, A, Kocevski, DD, Koekemoer, AM, Lotz, JM, Lucas, RA, Papovich, C, Pentericci, L, Pérez-González, PG, Pirzkal, N, Ravindranath, S, Rose, C, Schefer, M, Simons, RC, Straughn, AN, Tacchella, S, Trump, JR, de la Vega, A, Wilkins, SM, Wuyts, S, Yang, G & Yung, LYA 2024, 'Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 963, no. 1, 54. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1a13

TY - JOUR

T1 - Galaxies Going Bananas

T2 - Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS

AU - Pandya, Viraj

AU - Zhang, Haowen

AU - Huertas-Company, Marc

AU - Iyer, Kartheik G.

AU - McGrath, Elizabeth

AU - Barro, Guillermo

AU - Finkelstein, Steven L.

AU - Kümmel, Martin

AU - Hartley, William G.

AU - Ferguson, Henry C.

AU - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.

AU - Primack, Joel

AU - Dekel, Avishai

AU - Faber, Sandra M.

AU - Koo, David C.

AU - Bryan, Greg L.

AU - Somerville, Rachel S.

AU - Amorín, Ricardo O.

AU - Arrabal Haro, Pablo

AU - Bagley, Micaela B.

AU - Bell, Eric F.

AU - Bertin, Emmanuel

AU - Costantin, Luca

AU - Davé, Romeel

AU - Dickinson, Mark

AU - Feldmann, Robert

AU - Fontana, Adriano

AU - Gavazzi, Raphael

AU - Giavalisco, Mauro

AU - Grazian, Andrea

AU - Grogin, Norman A.

AU - Guo, Yuchen

AU - Hahn, Chang Hoon

AU - Holwerda, Benne W.

AU - Kewley, Lisa J.

AU - Kirkpatrick, Allison

AU - Kocevski, Dale D.

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - Lotz, Jennifer M.

AU - Lucas, Ray A.

AU - Papovich, Casey

AU - Pentericci, Laura

AU - Pérez-González, Pablo G.

AU - Pirzkal, Nor

AU - Ravindranath, Swara

AU - Rose, Caitlin

AU - Schefer, Marc

AU - Simons, Raymond C.

AU - Straughn, Amber N.

AU - Tacchella, Sandro

AU - Trump, Jonathan R.

AU - de la Vega, Alexander

AU - Wilkins, Stephen M.

AU - Wuyts, Stijn

AU - Yang, Guang

AU - Yung, L. Y.Aaron

PY - 2024/3/1

Y1 - 2024/3/1

N2 - The 3D geometries of high-redshift galaxies remain poorly understood. We build a differentiable Bayesian model and use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to efficiently and robustly infer the 3D shapes of star-forming galaxies in James Webb Space Telescope Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science observations with log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 10.5 at z = 0.5-8.0. We reproduce previous results from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey in a fraction of the computing time and constrain the mean ellipticity, triaxiality, size, and covariances with samples as small as ∼50 galaxies. We find high 3D ellipticities for all mass-redshift bins, suggesting oblate (disky) or prolate (elongated) geometries. We break that degeneracy by constraining the mean triaxiality to be ∼1 for log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 9.5 dwarfs at z > 1 (favoring the prolate scenario), with significantly lower triaxialities for higher masses and lower redshifts indicating the emergence of disks. The prolate population traces out a “banana” in the projected b / a - log a diagram with an excess of low-b/a, large- log a galaxies. The dwarf prolate fraction rises from ∼25% at z = 0.5-1.0 to ∼50%-80% at z = 3-8. Our results imply a second kind of disk settling from oval (triaxial) to more circular (axisymmetric) shapes with time. We simultaneously constrain the 3D size-mass relation and its dependence on 3D geometry. High-probability prolate and oblate candidates show remarkably similar Sérsic indices (n ∼ 1), nonparametric morphological properties, and specific star formation rates. Both tend to be visually classified as disks or irregular, but edge-on oblate candidates show more dust attenuation. We discuss selection effects, follow-up prospects, and theoretical implications.

AB - The 3D geometries of high-redshift galaxies remain poorly understood. We build a differentiable Bayesian model and use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to efficiently and robustly infer the 3D shapes of star-forming galaxies in James Webb Space Telescope Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science observations with log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 10.5 at z = 0.5-8.0. We reproduce previous results from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey in a fraction of the computing time and constrain the mean ellipticity, triaxiality, size, and covariances with samples as small as ∼50 galaxies. We find high 3D ellipticities for all mass-redshift bins, suggesting oblate (disky) or prolate (elongated) geometries. We break that degeneracy by constraining the mean triaxiality to be ∼1 for log M * / M ⊙ = 9.0 - 9.5 dwarfs at z > 1 (favoring the prolate scenario), with significantly lower triaxialities for higher masses and lower redshifts indicating the emergence of disks. The prolate population traces out a “banana” in the projected b / a - log a diagram with an excess of low-b/a, large- log a galaxies. The dwarf prolate fraction rises from ∼25% at z = 0.5-1.0 to ∼50%-80% at z = 3-8. Our results imply a second kind of disk settling from oval (triaxial) to more circular (axisymmetric) shapes with time. We simultaneously constrain the 3D size-mass relation and its dependence on 3D geometry. High-probability prolate and oblate candidates show remarkably similar Sérsic indices (n ∼ 1), nonparametric morphological properties, and specific star formation rates. Both tend to be visually classified as disks or irregular, but edge-on oblate candidates show more dust attenuation. We discuss selection effects, follow-up prospects, and theoretical implications.

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JF - Astrophysical Journal

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ER -

Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS

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