Abstract
Heat stress can have a serious impact on the health of both humans and animals. A major question is how heat stress affects normal development and differentiation at both the cellular and the organism levels. Here we use an in vitro experimental system to address how heat shock treatment influences the properties of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)—multipotent progenitor cells—which are found in most tissues. Because cattle are sensitive to harsh external temperatures, studying the effects of heat shock on MSCs provides a unique platform to address cellular stress in a physiologically relevant model organism. Following isolation and characterization of MSCs from the cow’s umbilical cord, heat shock was induced either as a pulse (1 h) or continuously (3 days), and consequent effects on MSCs were characterized. Heat shock induced extensive phenotypic changes in MSCs and dramatically curtailed their capacity to proliferate and differentiate. These changes were associated with a partial arrest in the G1/S or G2/M checkpoints. Furthermore, MSCs lost their ability to resolve the inflammatory response of RAW macrophages in coculture. A possible explanation for this loss of function is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of the mitochondria in the treated cells. Heat shock treatments resulted in stress-induced premature senescence, affecting the MSCs’ ability to proliferate properly for many cell passages to follow. Exposure to elevated external temperatures leads to mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which in turn conveys critical changes in the proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory phenotype of heat-stressed MSCs. A better understanding of the effect of heat shock on humans and animals may result in important health and economic benefits.
Original language | American English |
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Article number | 565970 |
Journal | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
Volume | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 22 Sep 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors thank Dr. S. Shainin and Mr. S. Yaakobi from the Volcani Center for help with obtaining the umbilical cords, Prof. N. Shpigel for help with processing and Dr. A. Kol for protocols and guidance. The authors thank the Schlesinger lab members for critical discussions and support. CaS and SS thank Prof. Z. Roth for his encouragement and support. SS thanks Dr. Y. Schlesinger for a critical reading of the manuscript. Funding. This work was funded by a US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund research project #IS-5067-18, the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development grant #12-04-0014, and Israel Dairy Board grant #820-0341.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Shimoni, Goldstein, Ribarski-Chorev, Schauten, Nir, Strauss and Schlesinger.
Keywords
- bovine
- heat shock
- immunomodulation
- mesenchymal stem cells
- oxidative stress
- senescence