How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract)

Oded Goldreich; Silvio Micali; Avi Wigderson

doi:10.1007/3-540-47721-7_11

How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract)

Oded Goldreich, Silvio Micali, Avi Wigderson

The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

100 Scopus citations

Abstract

Under the assumption that encryption functions exist, we show that all languages in NP possess zero-knowledge proofs. That is, it is possible to demonstrate that a CNF formula is satisfiable without revealing any other property of the formula. In particular, without yielding neither a satisfying assignment nor weaker properties such as whether there is a satisfying assignment in which x ₁ = TRUE, or whether there is a satisfying assignment in which x ₁ = x ₃ etc. The above result allows us to prove two fundamental theorems in the field of (two-party and multi-party) cryptographic protocols. These theorems yield automatic and efficient transformations that, given a protocol that is correct with respect to an extremely weak adversary, output a protocol correct in the most adversarial scenario. Thus, these theorems imply powerful methodologies for developing two-party and multi-party cryptographic protocols.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 1986 - Proceedings
Editors	Andrew M. Odlyzko
Publisher	Springer Verlag
Pages	171-185
Number of pages	15
ISBN (Print)	9783540180470
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47721-7_11
State	Published - 1987
Event	Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 1986 - Santa Barbara, United States Duration: 11 Aug 1986 → 15 Aug 1986

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	263 LNCS
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 1986
Country/Territory	United States
City	Santa Barbara
Period	11/08/86 → 15/08/86

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 1987, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Access to Document

10.1007/3-540-47721-7_11

Cite this

Goldreich, O., Micali, S., & Wigderson, A. (1987). How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract). In A. M. Odlyzko (Ed.), Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 1986 - Proceedings (pp. 171-185). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 263 LNCS). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47721-7_11

Goldreich, Oded ; Micali, Silvio ; Wigderson, Avi. / How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract). Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 1986 - Proceedings. editor / Andrew M. Odlyzko. Springer Verlag, 1987. pp. 171-185 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)).

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Goldreich, O, Micali, S & Wigderson, A 1987, How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract). in AM Odlyzko (ed.), Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 1986 - Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 263 LNCS, Springer Verlag, pp. 171-185, Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 1986, Santa Barbara, United States, 11/08/86. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47721-7_11

How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract). / Goldreich, Oded; Micali, Silvio; Wigderson, Avi.
Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 1986 - Proceedings. ed. / Andrew M. Odlyzko. Springer Verlag, 1987. p. 171-185 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 263 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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Goldreich O, Micali S, Wigderson A. How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract). In Odlyzko AM, editor, Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 1986 - Proceedings. Springer Verlag. 1987. p. 171-185. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)). doi: 10.1007/3-540-47721-7_11

How to prove all NP statements in zero-knowledge and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design (Extended Abstract)

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