Human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiate into functional mesenchymal stem cells and repair bone defects

Dmitriy Sheyn, Shiran Ben-David, Galina Shapiro, Sandra de Mel, Maxim Bez, Loren Ornelas, Anais Sahabian, Dhruv Sareen, Xiaoyu Da, Gadi Pelled, Wafa Tawackoli, Zhenqiu Liu, Dan Gazit, Zulma Gazit*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

119 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently the most established cells for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration; however, their availability and capability of self-renewal are limited. Recent discoveries of somatic cell reprogramming may be used to overcome these challenges. Wehypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that were differentiated into MSCs could be used for bone regeneration. Short-term exposure of embryoid bodies to transforming growth factor-β was used to direct iPSCs toward MSC differentiation. During this process, two types of iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) were identified: early (aiMSCs) and late (tiMSCs) outgrowing cells. The transition of iPSCs toward MSCs was documented using MSC marker flow cytometry. Both types of iMSCs differentiated in vitro in response to osteogenic or adipogenic supplements. The results of quantitative assays showed that both cell types retained their multidifferentiation potential, although aiMSCs demonstrated higher osteogenic potential than tiMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Ectopic injections of BMP6-overexpressing tiMSCs produced no or limited bone formation, whereas similar injections of BMP6-overexpressing aiMSCs resulted in substantial bone formation. Upon orthotopic injection into radial defects, all three cell types regenerated bone and contributed to defect repair. In conclusion, MSCs can be derived from iPSCs and exhibit self-renewal without tumorigenic ability. Compared with BM-MSCs, aiMSCs acquire more of a stem cell phenotype, whereas tiMSCs acquire more of a differentiated osteoblast phenotype, which aids bone regeneration but does not allow the cells to induce ectopic bone formation (even when triggered by bone morphogenetic proteins), unless in an orthotopic site of bone fracture.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1447-1460
Number of pages14
JournalStem cells translational medicine
Volume5
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Nov 2016

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
� AlphaMed Press 2016.

Keywords

  • Bone regeneration
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells
  • Mesenchymal stem cells
  • Transforming growth factor-β

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiate into functional mesenchymal stem cells and repair bone defects'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this