TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune responses of chickens to dietary protein antigens - I. Induction of systemic and intestinal immune responses following oral administration of soluble proteins in the absence of adjuvant
AU - Klipper, Eyal
AU - Sklan, David
AU - Friedman, Aharon
PY - 2000/5/23
Y1 - 2000/5/23
N2 - Oral administration of protein antigens in solution leads to the development of oral tolerance in most mammals but rarely so in the chicken. As dietary proteins are not expected to be immunogenic, the present study was undertaken to evaluate immunological consequences following oral exposure to protein antigens in chicks, and to determine whether or not this form of antigen is ignored. Chicks and turkey poults were fed solutions containing bovine serum albumin (BSA), porcine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin or bovine hemoglobin over a period of 6 days (25 mg/chick/day). At different time points after feeding serum and bile were examined for presence of specific antibodies by ELISA. Surprisingly, the fed antigens induced robust antibody responses in the absence of added adjuvant. This immune response was further characterised to show that (1) a daily feeding regimen was more immunogenic than single dose feedings, (2) by using a daily feeding regimen, as little as 2 mg/chick/day was fully immunogenic, (3) effective immunization was attained in chicks older than 10 day of age, (4) the main antibody class in the serum was IgG, and (5) high IgA levels were detected in the bile after booster feedings. These observations are difficult to reconcile with current concepts on peripheral tolerance to innocuous antigens, and indicate that the bird regulates tolerance and response in a manner different from that described in mammals. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - Oral administration of protein antigens in solution leads to the development of oral tolerance in most mammals but rarely so in the chicken. As dietary proteins are not expected to be immunogenic, the present study was undertaken to evaluate immunological consequences following oral exposure to protein antigens in chicks, and to determine whether or not this form of antigen is ignored. Chicks and turkey poults were fed solutions containing bovine serum albumin (BSA), porcine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin or bovine hemoglobin over a period of 6 days (25 mg/chick/day). At different time points after feeding serum and bile were examined for presence of specific antibodies by ELISA. Surprisingly, the fed antigens induced robust antibody responses in the absence of added adjuvant. This immune response was further characterised to show that (1) a daily feeding regimen was more immunogenic than single dose feedings, (2) by using a daily feeding regimen, as little as 2 mg/chick/day was fully immunogenic, (3) effective immunization was attained in chicks older than 10 day of age, (4) the main antibody class in the serum was IgG, and (5) high IgA levels were detected in the bile after booster feedings. These observations are difficult to reconcile with current concepts on peripheral tolerance to innocuous antigens, and indicate that the bird regulates tolerance and response in a manner different from that described in mammals. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - Chicken
KW - Dietary antigens
KW - Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
KW - Immune response
KW - Oral immunization
KW - Oral tolerance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034704977&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00172-0
DO - 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00172-0
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C2 - 10802289
AN - SCOPUS:0034704977
SN - 0165-2427
VL - 74
SP - 209
EP - 223
JO - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
IS - 3-4
ER -