Impact of the ONCOBIOME network in cancer microbiome research

The European Union-sponsored ONCOBIOME network has spurred an international effort to identify and validate relevant gut microbiota-related biomarkers in oncology, generating a unique and publicly available microbiome resource. ONCOBIOME explores the effects of the microbiota on gut permeability and metabolism as well as on antimicrobial and antitumor immune responses. Methods for the diagnosis of gut dysbiosis have been developed based on oncomicrobiome signatures associated with the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment responses in patients with cancer. The mechanisms explaining how dysbiosis compromises natural or therapy-induced immunosurveillance have been explored. Through its integrative approach of leveraging multiple cohorts across populations, cancer types and stages, ONCOBIOME has laid the theoretical and practical foundations for the recognition of microbiota alterations as a hallmark of cancer. ONCOBIOME has launched microbiota-centered interventions and lobbies in favor of official guidelines for avoiding diet-induced or iatrogenic (for example, antibiotic- or proton pump inhibitor-induced) dysbiosis. Here, we review the key advances of the ONCOBIOME network and discuss the progress toward translating these into oncology clinical practice.