Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO

Liang Liu; Shai Yellinek; Ido Valdinger; Ariela Donval; Daniel Mandler

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.129

Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO

Liang Liu, Shai Yellinek, Ido Valdinger, Ariela Donval, Daniel Mandler^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

51 Scopus citations

Abstract

Abstract The electrochemical reduction of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass is systematically studied. It is revealed that the light absorbance and electric resistance of ITO increases upon reduction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the integrate ITO films dissolve and form particles upon applying negative potentials. The particles consist of metallic In and Sn, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reduction of ITO strongly depends on the electrolyte conditions, mainly pH and anions. The onset potential is found to shift negative as the pH of the electrolyte increases. NO₃^- ions are found to significantly inhibit the reduction of ITO, shifting the reduction potential negative by ca. 500 mV as compared with SO₄^2-, Cl^- and Br^-. It can also serve as inhibitor by adding very low concentration to the Cl^--dominant electrolyte. Moreover, it is found that the electrochemically reduced ITO show excellent non-linear optical performance, with transmittance tuneable by reduction potential and time. This suggests a promising useful application of the electrochemical reduction of ITO.

Original language	American English
Article number	25411
Pages (from-to)	1374-1381
Number of pages	8
Journal	Electrochimica Acta
Volume	176
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.129
State	Published - 10 Sep 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Ms. Tali Fisher Masliah from KiloLambda Ltd. is acknowledged for the non-linear optics measurements. This work was partially supported by NTU-HUJ-BGU Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Management Programme under the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), that is supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore. The support by the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology is also acknowledged (3-10854). The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the Hebrew University is also acknowledged.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords

electrochemical reduction
indium tin oxide (ITO)
nitrate
non-linear optics
pH

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title = "Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO",

abstract = "Abstract The electrochemical reduction of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass is systematically studied. It is revealed that the light absorbance and electric resistance of ITO increases upon reduction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the integrate ITO films dissolve and form particles upon applying negative potentials. The particles consist of metallic In and Sn, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reduction of ITO strongly depends on the electrolyte conditions, mainly pH and anions. The onset potential is found to shift negative as the pH of the electrolyte increases. NO3- ions are found to significantly inhibit the reduction of ITO, shifting the reduction potential negative by ca. 500 mV as compared with SO42-, Cl- and Br-. It can also serve as inhibitor by adding very low concentration to the Cl--dominant electrolyte. Moreover, it is found that the electrochemically reduced ITO show excellent non-linear optical performance, with transmittance tuneable by reduction potential and time. This suggests a promising useful application of the electrochemical reduction of ITO.",

keywords = "electrochemical reduction, indium tin oxide (ITO), nitrate, non-linear optics, pH",

author = "Liang Liu and Shai Yellinek and Ido Valdinger and Ariela Donval and Daniel Mandler",

note = "Funding Information: Ms. Tali Fisher Masliah from KiloLambda Ltd. is acknowledged for the non-linear optics measurements. This work was partially supported by NTU-HUJ-BGU Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Management Programme under the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), that is supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister{\textquoteright}s Office, Singapore. The support by the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology is also acknowledged (3-10854). The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the Hebrew University is also acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Ltd.",

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AU - Yellinek, Shai

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AU - Donval, Ariela

AU - Mandler, Daniel

N1 - Funding Information: Ms. Tali Fisher Masliah from KiloLambda Ltd. is acknowledged for the non-linear optics measurements. This work was partially supported by NTU-HUJ-BGU Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Management Programme under the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), that is supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore. The support by the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology is also acknowledged (3-10854). The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the Hebrew University is also acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

PY - 2015/9/10

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N2 - Abstract The electrochemical reduction of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass is systematically studied. It is revealed that the light absorbance and electric resistance of ITO increases upon reduction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the integrate ITO films dissolve and form particles upon applying negative potentials. The particles consist of metallic In and Sn, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reduction of ITO strongly depends on the electrolyte conditions, mainly pH and anions. The onset potential is found to shift negative as the pH of the electrolyte increases. NO3- ions are found to significantly inhibit the reduction of ITO, shifting the reduction potential negative by ca. 500 mV as compared with SO42-, Cl- and Br-. It can also serve as inhibitor by adding very low concentration to the Cl--dominant electrolyte. Moreover, it is found that the electrochemically reduced ITO show excellent non-linear optical performance, with transmittance tuneable by reduction potential and time. This suggests a promising useful application of the electrochemical reduction of ITO.

AB - Abstract The electrochemical reduction of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass is systematically studied. It is revealed that the light absorbance and electric resistance of ITO increases upon reduction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the integrate ITO films dissolve and form particles upon applying negative potentials. The particles consist of metallic In and Sn, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reduction of ITO strongly depends on the electrolyte conditions, mainly pH and anions. The onset potential is found to shift negative as the pH of the electrolyte increases. NO3- ions are found to significantly inhibit the reduction of ITO, shifting the reduction potential negative by ca. 500 mV as compared with SO42-, Cl- and Br-. It can also serve as inhibitor by adding very low concentration to the Cl--dominant electrolyte. Moreover, it is found that the electrochemically reduced ITO show excellent non-linear optical performance, with transmittance tuneable by reduction potential and time. This suggests a promising useful application of the electrochemical reduction of ITO.

KW - electrochemical reduction

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Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO

Abstract

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Keywords

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