TY - JOUR
T1 - In Vitro Effect of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Produced in Sugar-Free Coca-Cola on Enamel
AU - Louzon, Yasmin
AU - Vaknin, Ido
AU - Wolfoviz-Zilberman, Amit
AU - Sharon, Esi
AU - Houri-Haddad, Yael
AU - Beyth, Nurit
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Objective: Sugary drinks such as Coca-Cola may expedite dental caries. For this reason, sugar-free drinks like Coca-Cola Zero Sugar (CZ) may be considered advantageous. This research aims to evaluate in vitro the CZ effect in the presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm on enamel demineralization. Methods: Ninety-six human enamel slabs (4 × 4 mm) were used. S. mutans UA-159 72-hour biofilm was created over enamel surfaces. The specimens were soaked in CZ, HCl, or 10% sucrose in PBS solution, 3 times a day for 15 minutes over the course of 4 days. Viable counts (CFU/mL) and biofilm biomass (Crystal Violet staining) were evaluated. pH was measured after each exposure. After 4 days, Demineralization was evaluated clinically and by Vickers microhardness tests. Slabs were photographed using a stereomicroscope before and after exposure to caries-promoting conditions. Results: Slabs that were soaked in CZ showed an increase in viable counts compared to control and almost similar counts with 10% sucrose in PBS solution exposures ([Formula presented.], respectivly). Biofilm biomass tests showed a 25% higher bacterial growth in the CZ group. CZ pH measures were the lowest and the only group to show a decrease in pH over time (pH ∼3). Enamel slabs that were evaluated clinically in the stereomicroscope postexposures had a chalky and matt appearance as opposed to their shiny appearance in the baseline evaluation. Conclusions: CZ creates a favourable environment for the growth of S. mutans. It may be suggested that even though CZ is sugar free it has a cariogenic effect on enamel. Clinical significance: Clinicians need to educate patients that sugar-free carbonated drinks may be just as harmful as regular carbonated drinks, and hence avoided. This research emphasizes the harmful effect sugar-free carbonated drinks on teeth and sheds new light on their cariogenic potential.
AB - Objective: Sugary drinks such as Coca-Cola may expedite dental caries. For this reason, sugar-free drinks like Coca-Cola Zero Sugar (CZ) may be considered advantageous. This research aims to evaluate in vitro the CZ effect in the presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm on enamel demineralization. Methods: Ninety-six human enamel slabs (4 × 4 mm) were used. S. mutans UA-159 72-hour biofilm was created over enamel surfaces. The specimens were soaked in CZ, HCl, or 10% sucrose in PBS solution, 3 times a day for 15 minutes over the course of 4 days. Viable counts (CFU/mL) and biofilm biomass (Crystal Violet staining) were evaluated. pH was measured after each exposure. After 4 days, Demineralization was evaluated clinically and by Vickers microhardness tests. Slabs were photographed using a stereomicroscope before and after exposure to caries-promoting conditions. Results: Slabs that were soaked in CZ showed an increase in viable counts compared to control and almost similar counts with 10% sucrose in PBS solution exposures ([Formula presented.], respectivly). Biofilm biomass tests showed a 25% higher bacterial growth in the CZ group. CZ pH measures were the lowest and the only group to show a decrease in pH over time (pH ∼3). Enamel slabs that were evaluated clinically in the stereomicroscope postexposures had a chalky and matt appearance as opposed to their shiny appearance in the baseline evaluation. Conclusions: CZ creates a favourable environment for the growth of S. mutans. It may be suggested that even though CZ is sugar free it has a cariogenic effect on enamel. Clinical significance: Clinicians need to educate patients that sugar-free carbonated drinks may be just as harmful as regular carbonated drinks, and hence avoided. This research emphasizes the harmful effect sugar-free carbonated drinks on teeth and sheds new light on their cariogenic potential.
KW - Carbonated drinks
KW - Demineralization
KW - Dental caries
KW - Streptococcus mutans
KW - Sugar free
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85196853811&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.008
DO - 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.008
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C2 - 38918119
AN - SCOPUS:85196853811
SN - 0020-6539
JO - International Dental Journal
JF - International Dental Journal
ER -