Increase of multilayer x-ray reflectivity induced by pulsed laser heating

Arie Zigler; Moshe Fraenkel; Zohar Henis; Eyal Kolka; Shalom Eliezer

doi:10.1063/1.356552

Increase of multilayer x-ray reflectivity induced by pulsed laser heating

Arie Zigler^*, Moshe Fraenkel, Zohar Henis, Eyal Kolka, Shalom Eliezer

^*Corresponding author for this work

Racah Institute of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

The reflectivity of tungsten-carbon (W-C) multilayers, heated by 7 ns Nd-YAG laser pulses was measured using soft x-ray radiation at 4.4 nm. The reflectivity permanently increased and the Bragg angle decreased after heating the multilayer at fluences of 0.3 J/cm². The reflectivity increase was achieved in a narrow domain of heating fluences. A quantitative model based on laser absorption and heat transport, that explains the melting phenomenon of tungsten and the heating to a temperature where graphitization is possible in the carbon layers, is presented. The two phenomena: (a) increase in x-ray reflectivity and (b) expansion of the multilayer mirror can be explained by the laser heating. The improvement of reflectivity is caused by the smoothening of the tungsten layers due to melting, while the change in the spacing is attributed to the carbon phase transition (graphitization).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	8085-8089
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	75
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.356552
State	Published - 1994

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title = "Increase of multilayer x-ray reflectivity induced by pulsed laser heating",

abstract = "The reflectivity of tungsten-carbon (W-C) multilayers, heated by 7 ns Nd-YAG laser pulses was measured using soft x-ray radiation at 4.4 nm. The reflectivity permanently increased and the Bragg angle decreased after heating the multilayer at fluences of 0.3 J/cm2. The reflectivity increase was achieved in a narrow domain of heating fluences. A quantitative model based on laser absorption and heat transport, that explains the melting phenomenon of tungsten and the heating to a temperature where graphitization is possible in the carbon layers, is presented. The two phenomena: (a) increase in x-ray reflectivity and (b) expansion of the multilayer mirror can be explained by the laser heating. The improvement of reflectivity is caused by the smoothening of the tungsten layers due to melting, while the change in the spacing is attributed to the carbon phase transition (graphitization).",

author = "Arie Zigler and Moshe Fraenkel and Zohar Henis and Eyal Kolka and Shalom Eliezer",

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AU - Zigler, Arie

AU - Fraenkel, Moshe

AU - Henis, Zohar

AU - Kolka, Eyal

AU - Eliezer, Shalom

PY - 1994

Y1 - 1994

N2 - The reflectivity of tungsten-carbon (W-C) multilayers, heated by 7 ns Nd-YAG laser pulses was measured using soft x-ray radiation at 4.4 nm. The reflectivity permanently increased and the Bragg angle decreased after heating the multilayer at fluences of 0.3 J/cm2. The reflectivity increase was achieved in a narrow domain of heating fluences. A quantitative model based on laser absorption and heat transport, that explains the melting phenomenon of tungsten and the heating to a temperature where graphitization is possible in the carbon layers, is presented. The two phenomena: (a) increase in x-ray reflectivity and (b) expansion of the multilayer mirror can be explained by the laser heating. The improvement of reflectivity is caused by the smoothening of the tungsten layers due to melting, while the change in the spacing is attributed to the carbon phase transition (graphitization).

AB - The reflectivity of tungsten-carbon (W-C) multilayers, heated by 7 ns Nd-YAG laser pulses was measured using soft x-ray radiation at 4.4 nm. The reflectivity permanently increased and the Bragg angle decreased after heating the multilayer at fluences of 0.3 J/cm2. The reflectivity increase was achieved in a narrow domain of heating fluences. A quantitative model based on laser absorption and heat transport, that explains the melting phenomenon of tungsten and the heating to a temperature where graphitization is possible in the carbon layers, is presented. The two phenomena: (a) increase in x-ray reflectivity and (b) expansion of the multilayer mirror can be explained by the laser heating. The improvement of reflectivity is caused by the smoothening of the tungsten layers due to melting, while the change in the spacing is attributed to the carbon phase transition (graphitization).

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Increase of multilayer x-ray reflectivity induced by pulsed laser heating

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