TY - JOUR
T1 - Influences of breakfast on clock gene expression and postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals and individuals with diabetes
T2 - A randomized clinical trial
AU - Jakubowicz, Daniela
AU - Wainstein, Julio
AU - Landau, Zohar
AU - Raz, Itamar
AU - Ahren, Bo
AU - Chapnik, Nava
AU - Ganz, Tali
AU - Menaged, Miriam
AU - Barnea, Maayan
AU - Bar-Dayan, Yosefa
AU - Froy, Oren
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the American Diabetes Association.
PY - 2017/11/1
Y1 - 2017/11/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE The circadian clock regulates glucose metabolism by mediating the activity of metabolic enzymes, hormones, and transport systems. Breakfast skipping and night eating have been associated with high HbA1c and postprandial hyperglycemia after lunch and dinner. Our aim was to explore the acute effect of breakfast consumption or omission on glucose homeostasis and clock gene expression in healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a crossover design, 18 healthy volunteers and 18 volunteers with 14.5 ± 1.5 years diabetes, BMI 30.7 ± 1.1 kg/m2, andHbA1c 7.6 ± 0.1% (59.6 ± 0.8mmol/mol) were randomly assigned to a test day with breakfast and lunch (YesB) and a test day with only lunch (NoB). Postprandial clock and clock-controlled gene expression, plasma glucose, insulin, intact glucagon-like peptide 1 (iGLP-1), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plasma activity were assessed after breakfast and lunch. RESULTS In healthy individuals, the expression level of Per1, Cry1, Rorα, and Sirt1 was lower (P < 0.05) but Clock was higher (P < 0.05) after breakfast. In contrast, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, Per1, Per2, and Sirt1 only slightly, but significantly, decreased and Rora increased (P < 0.05) after breakfast. In healthy individuals, the expression level ofBmal1, Rora, andSirt1was higher (P < 0.05) after lunch on YesB day,whereas the other clock genes remained unchanged. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Rev-erba, and Ampk increased (P < 0.05) after lunch on the YesB day. Omission of breakfast altered clock and metabolic gene expression in both healthy and individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Breakfast consumption acutely affects clock and clock-controlled gene expression leading to normal oscillation. Breakfast skipping adversely affects clock and clockcontrolled gene expression and is correlated with increased postprandial glycemic response in both healthy individuals and individuals with diabetes.
AB - OBJECTIVE The circadian clock regulates glucose metabolism by mediating the activity of metabolic enzymes, hormones, and transport systems. Breakfast skipping and night eating have been associated with high HbA1c and postprandial hyperglycemia after lunch and dinner. Our aim was to explore the acute effect of breakfast consumption or omission on glucose homeostasis and clock gene expression in healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a crossover design, 18 healthy volunteers and 18 volunteers with 14.5 ± 1.5 years diabetes, BMI 30.7 ± 1.1 kg/m2, andHbA1c 7.6 ± 0.1% (59.6 ± 0.8mmol/mol) were randomly assigned to a test day with breakfast and lunch (YesB) and a test day with only lunch (NoB). Postprandial clock and clock-controlled gene expression, plasma glucose, insulin, intact glucagon-like peptide 1 (iGLP-1), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plasma activity were assessed after breakfast and lunch. RESULTS In healthy individuals, the expression level of Per1, Cry1, Rorα, and Sirt1 was lower (P < 0.05) but Clock was higher (P < 0.05) after breakfast. In contrast, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, Per1, Per2, and Sirt1 only slightly, but significantly, decreased and Rora increased (P < 0.05) after breakfast. In healthy individuals, the expression level ofBmal1, Rora, andSirt1was higher (P < 0.05) after lunch on YesB day,whereas the other clock genes remained unchanged. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Rev-erba, and Ampk increased (P < 0.05) after lunch on the YesB day. Omission of breakfast altered clock and metabolic gene expression in both healthy and individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Breakfast consumption acutely affects clock and clock-controlled gene expression leading to normal oscillation. Breakfast skipping adversely affects clock and clockcontrolled gene expression and is correlated with increased postprandial glycemic response in both healthy individuals and individuals with diabetes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85033215942&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2337/dc16-2753
DO - 10.2337/dc16-2753
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C2 - 28830875
AN - SCOPUS:85033215942
SN - 0149-5992
VL - 40
SP - 1573
EP - 1579
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
IS - 11
ER -