TY - JOUR
T1 - Mediterranean-Like Dietary Pattern Associations With Gut Microbiome Composition and Subclinical Gastrointestinal Inflammation
AU - The Crohn's and Colitis Canada (CCC) Genetic, Environmental, Microbial (GEM) Project Research Consortium
AU - Turpin, Williams
AU - Dong, Mei
AU - Sasson, Gila
AU - Raygoza Garay, Juan Antonio
AU - Espin-Garcia, Osvaldo
AU - Lee, Sun Ho
AU - Neustaeter, Anna
AU - Smith, Michelle I.
AU - Leibovitzh, Haim
AU - Guttman, David S.
AU - Goethel, Ashleigh
AU - Griffiths, Anne M.
AU - Huynh, Hien Q.
AU - Dieleman, Levinus A.
AU - Panaccione, Remo
AU - Steinhart, A. Hillary
AU - Silverberg, Mark S.
AU - Aumais, Guy
AU - Jacobson, Kevan
AU - Mack, David
AU - Murthy, Sanjay K.
AU - Marshall, John K.
AU - Bernstein, Charles N.
AU - Abreu, Maria T.
AU - Moayyedi, Paul
AU - Paterson, Andrew D.
AU - Abreu, Maria
AU - Beck, Paul
AU - Croitoru, Kenneth
AU - Dieleman, Leo
AU - Feagan, Brian
AU - Kaplan, Gilaad
AU - Krause, Denis O.
AU - Madsen, Karen
AU - Marshall, John
AU - Ropeleski, Mark
AU - Seidman, Ernest
AU - Silverberg, Mark
AU - Snapper, Scott
AU - Stadnyk, Andy
AU - Steinhart, Hillary
AU - Surette, Michael
AU - Turner, Dan
AU - Walters, Thomas
AU - Vallance, Bruce
AU - Bitton, Alain
AU - Cino, Maria
AU - Critch, Jeff
AU - Denson, Lee
AU - Deslandres, Colette
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 AGA Institute
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Background & Aims: Case-control studies have shown that patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have a microbial composition different from healthy individuals. Although the causes of CD are unknown, epidemiologic studies suggest that diet is an important contributor to CD risk, potentially via modulation of bacterial composition and gut inflammation. We hypothesized that long-term dietary clusters (DCs) are associated with gut microbiome compositions and gut inflammation. Our objectives were to identify dietary patterns and assess whether they are associated with alterations in specific gut microbial compositions and subclinical levels of gut inflammation in a cohort of healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD. Methods: As part of the Genetic, Environmental, Microbial (GEM) Project, we recruited a cohort of 2289 healthy FDRs of patients with CD. Individuals provided stool samples and answered a validated food frequency questionnaire reflecting their habitual diet during the year before sample collection. Unsupervised analysis identified 3 dietary and 3 microbial composition clusters. Results: DC3, resembling the Mediterranean diet, was strongly associated with a defined microbial composition, with an increased abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, as well as taxa such as Faecalibacterium. The DC3 diet was also significantly associated with lower levels of subclinical gut inflammation, defined by fecal calprotectin, compared with other dietary patterns. No significant associations were found between individual food items and fecal calprotectin, suggesting that long-term dietary patterns rather than individual food items contribute to subclinical gut inflammation. Additionally, mediation analysis demonstrated that DC3 had a direct effect on subclinical inflammation that was partially mediated by the microbiota. Conclusions: Overall, these results indicated that Mediterranean-like dietary patterns are associated with microbiome and lower intestinal inflammation. This study will help guide future dietary strategies that affect microbial composition and host gut inflammation to prevent diseases.
AB - Background & Aims: Case-control studies have shown that patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have a microbial composition different from healthy individuals. Although the causes of CD are unknown, epidemiologic studies suggest that diet is an important contributor to CD risk, potentially via modulation of bacterial composition and gut inflammation. We hypothesized that long-term dietary clusters (DCs) are associated with gut microbiome compositions and gut inflammation. Our objectives were to identify dietary patterns and assess whether they are associated with alterations in specific gut microbial compositions and subclinical levels of gut inflammation in a cohort of healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD. Methods: As part of the Genetic, Environmental, Microbial (GEM) Project, we recruited a cohort of 2289 healthy FDRs of patients with CD. Individuals provided stool samples and answered a validated food frequency questionnaire reflecting their habitual diet during the year before sample collection. Unsupervised analysis identified 3 dietary and 3 microbial composition clusters. Results: DC3, resembling the Mediterranean diet, was strongly associated with a defined microbial composition, with an increased abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, as well as taxa such as Faecalibacterium. The DC3 diet was also significantly associated with lower levels of subclinical gut inflammation, defined by fecal calprotectin, compared with other dietary patterns. No significant associations were found between individual food items and fecal calprotectin, suggesting that long-term dietary patterns rather than individual food items contribute to subclinical gut inflammation. Additionally, mediation analysis demonstrated that DC3 had a direct effect on subclinical inflammation that was partially mediated by the microbiota. Conclusions: Overall, these results indicated that Mediterranean-like dietary patterns are associated with microbiome and lower intestinal inflammation. This study will help guide future dietary strategies that affect microbial composition and host gut inflammation to prevent diseases.
KW - Anti-Inflammatory Diet
KW - Food Patterns
KW - Mediation Analysis
KW - Mediterranean Diet
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135845854&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.037
DO - 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.037
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C2 - 35643175
AN - SCOPUS:85135845854
SN - 0016-5085
VL - 163
SP - 685
EP - 698
JO - Gastroenterology
JF - Gastroenterology
IS - 3
ER -