TY - JOUR
T1 - Metalloporphyrin/G-quadruplexes
T2 - From basic properties to practical applications
AU - Golub, Eyal
AU - Lu, Chun Hua
AU - Willner, Itamar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 World Scientific Publishing Company.
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Guanine-rich single-stranded nucleic acids self-assemble into G-quadruplex nanostructures (predominately in the presence of K+-ions). Metalloporphyrins bind to the G-quadruplex nanostructures to form supramolecular assemblies exhibiting unique catalytic, electrocatalytic and photophysical properties. This paper addresses the advances in the characterization and the implementation of the metalloporphyrin/G-quadruplexes complexes for various applications. Out of the different complexes, the most extensively studied complexes are the hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme and the Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX-functionalized G-quadruplex. Specifically, the hemin/Gquadruplex was found to act as a catalyst for driving different chemical transformations that mimic the native horseradish peroxidase enzyme, and, also, to function as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2. Also, the hemin/G-quadruplex stimulates interesting photophysical and photocatalytic processes such as the electron-transfer quenching of semiconductor quantum dots or the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer to semiconductor quantum dots. Alternatively, Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX associated with G-quadruplexes exhibit intensified fluorescence properties. Beyond the straight forward application of the metalloporphyrin/G-quadruplexes as catalysts that stimulate different chemical transformations, the specific catalytic, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic functions of hemin/G-quadruplexes are heavily implemented to develop sophisticated colorimetric, electrochemical, and optical sensing platforms. Also, the unique fluorescence properties of Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX-functionalized G-quadruplexes are applied to develop fluorescence sensing platforms. The article exemplifies different sensing assays for analyzing DNA, ligand-aptamer complexes and telomerase activity using the metalloporphyrins/Gquadruplexes as transducing labels. Also, the use of the hemin/G-quadruplex as a probe to follow the operations of DNA machines is discussed.
AB - Guanine-rich single-stranded nucleic acids self-assemble into G-quadruplex nanostructures (predominately in the presence of K+-ions). Metalloporphyrins bind to the G-quadruplex nanostructures to form supramolecular assemblies exhibiting unique catalytic, electrocatalytic and photophysical properties. This paper addresses the advances in the characterization and the implementation of the metalloporphyrin/G-quadruplexes complexes for various applications. Out of the different complexes, the most extensively studied complexes are the hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme and the Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX-functionalized G-quadruplex. Specifically, the hemin/Gquadruplex was found to act as a catalyst for driving different chemical transformations that mimic the native horseradish peroxidase enzyme, and, also, to function as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2. Also, the hemin/G-quadruplex stimulates interesting photophysical and photocatalytic processes such as the electron-transfer quenching of semiconductor quantum dots or the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer to semiconductor quantum dots. Alternatively, Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX associated with G-quadruplexes exhibit intensified fluorescence properties. Beyond the straight forward application of the metalloporphyrin/G-quadruplexes as catalysts that stimulate different chemical transformations, the specific catalytic, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic functions of hemin/G-quadruplexes are heavily implemented to develop sophisticated colorimetric, electrochemical, and optical sensing platforms. Also, the unique fluorescence properties of Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX-functionalized G-quadruplexes are applied to develop fluorescence sensing platforms. The article exemplifies different sensing assays for analyzing DNA, ligand-aptamer complexes and telomerase activity using the metalloporphyrins/Gquadruplexes as transducing labels. Also, the use of the hemin/G-quadruplex as a probe to follow the operations of DNA machines is discussed.
KW - aptamer
KW - catalyst
KW - chemiluminescence
KW - DNA
KW - DNAzyme
KW - fluorescence
KW - hemin
KW - sensor
KW - telomerase
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84928527737&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1142/S1088424615300025
DO - 10.1142/S1088424615300025
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AN - SCOPUS:84928527737
SN - 1088-4246
VL - 19
SP - 65
EP - 91
JO - Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
JF - Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
IS - 1-3
ER -