MiR-10b downregulates the stress-induced cell surface molecule MICB, a critical ligand for cancer cell recognition by natural killer cells

Natural killer cells (NK) are a component of innate immunity well known for their potent ability to kill virusinfected or neoplastically transformed cells following stimulation of the NK cell receptor NKG2D. One of the various ligands of NKG2D is MICB, a stress-induced ligand that has been found to be upregulated on the surface of tumor cells. However, there is little knowledge about how this upregulation may occur or how it may be selected against in tumors as a mechanism of immune escape. Here, we report that the metastasis-associated microRNA (metastamir) miR-10b directly binds to the 3' untranslated region of MICB and downregulates its expression. Notably, antagonizing miR-10b action enhanced NKG2D-mediated killing of tumor cells in vitro and enhanced clearance of tumors in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of miR-10b downregulatedMICBand impaired elimination of tumor cells. Together, our results define MICB as a novel immune target of miR-10b, implying a direct link between metastasis capability and immune escape from NK cells.