Multifocality in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas calls for total thyroidectomy

Background: Multifocality is an important factor when recommending surgery for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aim of this study is to assess the incidence and characterize the spread pattern of multifocal PTC (mPTC) in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Methods: All thyroidectomies performed between 2003 and 2008 were reviewed identifying 289 patients. Data were obtained for demographics, clinical data, and histopathological findings. Results: Of the patients with papillary carcinoma, mPTC was identified in 150 patients (57%), of which 71% had lesions in the contralateral lobe. There were no significant differences in multifocality rate for gender, pathology type, and all tumor size subgroups including ≤1 cm. Pathology examination of representative sections versus the entire gland examination resulted in a significantly lower incidence of contralateral disease (P =.04). Conclusions: Multifocal and contralateral lesions are common in PTC and their incidence is not related to tumor size. Pathology entire gland examination is strongly recommended to properly assess the rate of mPTC.