Multiple equilibria and overturning variability of the Aegean-Adriatic Seas

Yael Amitai, Yosef Ashkenazy, Hezi Gildor*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) – a transition and amplification of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea deep water source from the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea – was observed in the mid-90′ and stimulated intense research. Here we demonstrate, using an oceanic general circulation model, that the meridional overturning circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean has multiple equilibria states under present-day-like conditions, and that the water exchange between the Aegean and the Adriatic Seas can drastically affect these states. More specifically, we found two stable states and a hysteresis behaviour of deep water formation in the Adriatic Sea when changing the atmospheric (restoring) temperature over the Aegean Sea. In addition, the overturning circulation in both seas exhibits large decadal variability of the deep water formation. The Aegean-Adriatic relationship can be summarized as follows: warm and saline water of the Aegean can either flow in the sub-surface to the Adriatic, switching “on” deep water formation in the Adriatic by increasing its salinity, or the Aegean water can feed the deeper layer of the Ionian and Levantine basins, turning “off” the deep water formation in the Adriatic. The “off” steady state resembles some aspects of the EMT in which the Adriatic source of deep water was weakened when the Aegean source became active.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)49-59
Number of pages11
JournalGlobal and Planetary Change
Volume151
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2017

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

  • Adriatic Sea
  • Aegean Sea
  • Eastern Mediterranean Transient
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Meridional overturning circulation
  • Multiple equilibria

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