TY - JOUR
T1 - Mutual interplay between IL-17–producing γδT cells and microbiota orchestrates oral mucosal homeostasis
AU - Wilharm, Anneke
AU - Tabib, Yaara
AU - Nassar, Maria
AU - Reinhardt, Annika
AU - Mizraji, Gabriel
AU - Sandrock, Inga
AU - Heyman, Oded
AU - Barros-Martins, Joana
AU - Aizenbud, Yuval
AU - Khalaileh, Abed
AU - Eli-Berchoer, Luba
AU - Elinav, Eran
AU - Wilensky, Asaf
AU - Förster, Reinhold
AU - Bercovier, Herve
AU - Prinz, Immo
AU - Hovav, Avi Hai
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2019/2/12
Y1 - 2019/2/12
N2 - γδT cells are a major component of epithelial tissues and play a role in tissue homeostasis and host defense. γδT cells also reside in the gingiva, an oral tissue covered with specialized epithelium that continuously monitors the challenging dental biofilm. Whereas most research on intraepithelial γδT cells focuses on the skin and intestine epithelia, our knowledge on these cells in the gingiva is still incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate that even though the gingiva develops after birth, the majority of gingival γδT cells are fetal thymus-derived Vγ6 + cells, and to a lesser extent Vγ1 + and Vγ4 + cells. Furthermore, we show that γδT cells are motile and locate preferentially in the epithelium adjacent to the biofilm. Vγ6 + cells represent the major source of IL-17–producing cells in the gingiva. Chimeric mice and parabiosis experiments indicated that the main fraction of gingival γδT cells is radioresistant and tissue-resident, persisting locally independent of circulating γδT cells. Notably, gingival γδT cell homeostasis is regulated by the microbiota as the ratio of Vγ6 + and Vγ4 + cells was reversed in germ-free mice, and their activation state was decreased. As a consequence, conditional ablation of γδT cells results in elevated gingival inflammation and subsequent alterations of oral microbial diversity. Taken together, these findings suggest that oral mucosal homeostasis is shaped by reciprocal interplays between γδT cells and local microbiota.
AB - γδT cells are a major component of epithelial tissues and play a role in tissue homeostasis and host defense. γδT cells also reside in the gingiva, an oral tissue covered with specialized epithelium that continuously monitors the challenging dental biofilm. Whereas most research on intraepithelial γδT cells focuses on the skin and intestine epithelia, our knowledge on these cells in the gingiva is still incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate that even though the gingiva develops after birth, the majority of gingival γδT cells are fetal thymus-derived Vγ6 + cells, and to a lesser extent Vγ1 + and Vγ4 + cells. Furthermore, we show that γδT cells are motile and locate preferentially in the epithelium adjacent to the biofilm. Vγ6 + cells represent the major source of IL-17–producing cells in the gingiva. Chimeric mice and parabiosis experiments indicated that the main fraction of gingival γδT cells is radioresistant and tissue-resident, persisting locally independent of circulating γδT cells. Notably, gingival γδT cell homeostasis is regulated by the microbiota as the ratio of Vγ6 + and Vγ4 + cells was reversed in germ-free mice, and their activation state was decreased. As a consequence, conditional ablation of γδT cells results in elevated gingival inflammation and subsequent alterations of oral microbial diversity. Taken together, these findings suggest that oral mucosal homeostasis is shaped by reciprocal interplays between γδT cells and local microbiota.
KW - Gingiva
KW - Microbiota
KW - Oral mucosa
KW - Vγ6
KW - ΓδT cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061376414&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1818812116
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1818812116
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C2 - 30692259
AN - SCOPUS:85061376414
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 116
SP - 2652
EP - 2661
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 7
ER -