Abstract
Deacetylases are a class of enzymes which remove the ?-. N-acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in histone and nonhistone targets. There are four classes of HDACs, with a distinct subgroup called sirtuins (HDAC class III) that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for their catalytic activity. The fact that most of the sirtuins require NAD for their deacetylase activity, indicates that they are major energy-sensing proteins in cells and tissues with the potency to effect a plethora of biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes. These effects exerted by various sirtuins are discussed in this chapter, as well as the processes regulating NAD levels by de novo and salvage pathways. Finally, we elaborate on current agents targeting sirtuins and salvage pathway enzymes and their preclinical and clinical outcomes.
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Medical Epigenetics |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
| Pages | 657-684 |
| Number of pages | 28 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780128032404 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780128032398 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Jul 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors acknowledge the support of the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 121/12), Rosetrees Trust (Grant No. A770), and U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF; Grant No. 2013145). AK is a PBC (Planning and Budgeting Council for Higher Education) Post-Doctoral scholar. MD-G is a partner in the D-BOARD Consortium, Novel Diagnostics and Biomarkers for Early Identification of Chronic Inflammatory Joint Diseases, funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), under Grant agreement No. 305815.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords
- NAMPT
- NNMAT
- Pathology
- ROS
- Resveratrol
- SIRT1
- SIRT1 activating compounds (STACs)
- Salvage pathway
- Sirtuin inhibitors and activators
- Sirtuin signaling
- Sirtuins