Nd-Nb Co-doped SnO2/α-WO3Electrochromic Materials: Enhanced Stability and Switching Properties

Ronn Goei; Amanda Jiamin Ong; Jun Hao Tan; Jie Yi Loke; Shun Kuang Lua; Daniel Mandler; Shlomo Magdassi; Alfred Iing Yoong Tok

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c03260

Nd-Nb Co-doped SnO₂/α-WO₃Electrochromic Materials: Enhanced Stability and Switching Properties

Ronn Goei^*, Amanda Jiamin Ong, Jun Hao Tan, Jie Yi Loke, Shun Kuang Lua, Daniel Mandler, Shlomo Magdassi, Alfred Iing Yoong Tok^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

The fabrication of Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 electrochromic (EC) materials for smart window applications is presented in the present paper. Nb is a good dopant candidate for ECs owing to its ability to introduce active sites on the surface of α-WO3 without causing much lattice strain due to the similar ionic radius of Nb5+ and W6+. These active sites introduce more channels for charge insertion or removal during redox reactions, improving the overall EC performance. However, Nb suffers from prolonged utilization due to the Li+ ions trapped within the ECs. By coupling Nd with Nb, the co-dopants would transfer their excess electrons to SnO2, improving the electronic conductivity and easing the insertion and extraction of Li+ cations from the ECs. The enhanced Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 exhibited excellent visible light transmission (90% transmittance), high near-infrared (NIR) contrast (60% NIR modulation), rapid switching time (∼1 s), and excellent stability (>65% of NIR modulation was retained after repeated electrochemical cycles). The mechanism of enhanced EC performance was also investigated. The novel combination of Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 presented in this work demonstrates an excellent candidate material for smart window applications to be used in green buildings.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	26251-26261
Number of pages	11
Journal	ACS Omega
Volume	6
Issue number	40
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03260
State	Published - 12 Oct 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus of Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Program.

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title = "Nd-Nb Co-doped SnO2/α-WO3Electrochromic Materials: Enhanced Stability and Switching Properties",

abstract = "The fabrication of Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 electrochromic (EC) materials for smart window applications is presented in the present paper. Nb is a good dopant candidate for ECs owing to its ability to introduce active sites on the surface of α-WO3 without causing much lattice strain due to the similar ionic radius of Nb5+ and W6+. These active sites introduce more channels for charge insertion or removal during redox reactions, improving the overall EC performance. However, Nb suffers from prolonged utilization due to the Li+ ions trapped within the ECs. By coupling Nd with Nb, the co-dopants would transfer their excess electrons to SnO2, improving the electronic conductivity and easing the insertion and extraction of Li+ cations from the ECs. The enhanced Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 exhibited excellent visible light transmission (90% transmittance), high near-infrared (NIR) contrast (60% NIR modulation), rapid switching time (∼1 s), and excellent stability (>65% of NIR modulation was retained after repeated electrochemical cycles). The mechanism of enhanced EC performance was also investigated. The novel combination of Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 presented in this work demonstrates an excellent candidate material for smart window applications to be used in green buildings.",

author = "Ronn Goei and Ong, {Amanda Jiamin} and Tan, {Jun Hao} and Loke, {Jie Yi} and Lua, {Shun Kuang} and Daniel Mandler and Shlomo Magdassi and {Yoong Tok}, {Alfred Iing}",

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AU - Tan, Jun Hao

AU - Loke, Jie Yi

AU - Lua, Shun Kuang

AU - Mandler, Daniel

AU - Magdassi, Shlomo

AU - Yoong Tok, Alfred Iing

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N2 - The fabrication of Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 electrochromic (EC) materials for smart window applications is presented in the present paper. Nb is a good dopant candidate for ECs owing to its ability to introduce active sites on the surface of α-WO3 without causing much lattice strain due to the similar ionic radius of Nb5+ and W6+. These active sites introduce more channels for charge insertion or removal during redox reactions, improving the overall EC performance. However, Nb suffers from prolonged utilization due to the Li+ ions trapped within the ECs. By coupling Nd with Nb, the co-dopants would transfer their excess electrons to SnO2, improving the electronic conductivity and easing the insertion and extraction of Li+ cations from the ECs. The enhanced Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 exhibited excellent visible light transmission (90% transmittance), high near-infrared (NIR) contrast (60% NIR modulation), rapid switching time (∼1 s), and excellent stability (>65% of NIR modulation was retained after repeated electrochemical cycles). The mechanism of enhanced EC performance was also investigated. The novel combination of Nd-Nb co-doped SnO2/α-WO3 presented in this work demonstrates an excellent candidate material for smart window applications to be used in green buildings.

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Nd-Nb Co-doped SnO₂/α-WO₃Electrochromic Materials: Enhanced Stability and Switching Properties

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