TY - JOUR
T1 - Neither a Conscript Army nor an All-Volunteer Force
T2 - Emerging Recruiting Models
AU - Ben-Ari, Eyal
AU - Rosman, Elisheva
AU - Shamir, Eitan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2021.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - This article develops an analytical model of force composition that combines the advantages of conscription with those of an all-volunteer force. Using Israel as a hypothesis-generating case study, it argues that mandatory military service has undergone changes centered on five key organizing principles: selective conscription, early discharges, elongated lengths of service, forms of voluntary service and differing pay-scales, and other material and non-material incentives for conscripts. These principles are “grafted” onto conscription creating a hybrid, “volunteer-ized” model. The utility of the theoretical model lies in explaining how these principles facilitate mobilizing a needed number or recruits, providing an adequate level of military expertise, as well as maintaining the legitimacy of the armed forces by meeting domestic social, economic, and political expectations about its composition and the use of personnel at its disposal. The system is adaptive and flexible, as shown through the comparisons throughout the paper.
AB - This article develops an analytical model of force composition that combines the advantages of conscription with those of an all-volunteer force. Using Israel as a hypothesis-generating case study, it argues that mandatory military service has undergone changes centered on five key organizing principles: selective conscription, early discharges, elongated lengths of service, forms of voluntary service and differing pay-scales, and other material and non-material incentives for conscripts. These principles are “grafted” onto conscription creating a hybrid, “volunteer-ized” model. The utility of the theoretical model lies in explaining how these principles facilitate mobilizing a needed number or recruits, providing an adequate level of military expertise, as well as maintaining the legitimacy of the armed forces by meeting domestic social, economic, and political expectations about its composition and the use of personnel at its disposal. The system is adaptive and flexible, as shown through the comparisons throughout the paper.
KW - all-volunteer forces
KW - Baltic states
KW - conscription
KW - grafting
KW - Israel
KW - recruiting models
KW - Scandinavia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121138875&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0095327X211048216
DO - 10.1177/0095327X211048216
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AN - SCOPUS:85121138875
SN - 0095-327X
VL - 49
SP - 138
EP - 159
JO - Armed Forces and Society
JF - Armed Forces and Society
IS - 1
ER -