TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuroscientific Evidence for Processing Without Awareness
AU - Mudrik, Liad
AU - Deouell, Leon Y.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 by Annual Reviews.
PY - 2022/7
Y1 - 2022/7
N2 - The extent to which we are affected by perceptual input of which we are unaware is widely debated. By measuring neural responses to sensory stimulation, neuroscientific data could complement behavioral results with valuable evidence. Here we review neuroscientific findings of processing of high-level information, as well as interactions with attention and memory. Although the results are mixed, we find initial support for processing object categories and words, possibly to the semantic level, as well as emotional expressions. Robust neural evidence for face individuation and integration of sentences or scenes is lacking. Attention affects the processing of stimuli that are not consciously perceived, and such stimuli may exogenously but not endogenously capture attention when relevant, and be maintained in memory over time. Sources of inconsistency in the literature include variability in control for awareness as well as individual differences, calling for future studies that adopt stricter measures of awareness and probe multiple processes within subjects.
AB - The extent to which we are affected by perceptual input of which we are unaware is widely debated. By measuring neural responses to sensory stimulation, neuroscientific data could complement behavioral results with valuable evidence. Here we review neuroscientific findings of processing of high-level information, as well as interactions with attention and memory. Although the results are mixed, we find initial support for processing object categories and words, possibly to the semantic level, as well as emotional expressions. Robust neural evidence for face individuation and integration of sentences or scenes is lacking. Attention affects the processing of stimuli that are not consciously perceived, and such stimuli may exogenously but not endogenously capture attention when relevant, and be maintained in memory over time. Sources of inconsistency in the literature include variability in control for awareness as well as individual differences, calling for future studies that adopt stricter measures of awareness and probe multiple processes within subjects.
KW - EEG/MEG
KW - TMS
KW - fMRI
KW - intracranial recordings
KW - processing without awareness
KW - subliminal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134347564&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-033151
DO - 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-033151
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C2 - 35803585
AN - SCOPUS:85134347564
SN - 0147-006X
VL - 45
SP - 403
EP - 423
JO - Annual Review of Neuroscience
JF - Annual Review of Neuroscience
ER -