Oxygen Vacancy-Driven High-Performance V2O5 Cathodes for Aqueous Manganese Metal Batteries

Sangki Lee; Hyungjin Lee; Hyeonjun Lee; Seunghyeop Baek; Netanel Shpigel; Daniel Sharon; Seung Tae Hong; Munseok S. Chae

doi:10.1002/eem2.70036

Oxygen Vacancy-Driven High-Performance V₂O₅ Cathodes for Aqueous Manganese Metal Batteries

Sangki Lee
, Hyungjin Lee
, Hyeonjun Lee
, Seunghyeop Baek
, Netanel Shpigel
, Daniel Sharon
, Seung Tae Hong^*
, Munseok S. Chae^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aqueous batteries are an emerging next-generation technology for large-scale energy storage. Among various metal-ion systems, manganese-based batteries have attracted significant interest due to their superior theoretical energy density over zinc-based battery systems. This study demonstrates oxygen vacancy-engineered vanadium oxide (V₂O_4.85) as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous manganese metal batteries. The V₂O_4.85 cathode had a discharge capacity of 212.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, retaining 89.5% capacity after 500 cycles. Oxygen vacancies enhanced ion diffusion and reduced migration barriers, facilitating both Mn²⁺ and H⁺ ion intercalation. Proton intercalation dominated charge storage, forming Mn(OH)₂ layers, whereas Mn²⁺ contributed to surface-limited reactions. Furthermore, manganese metal batteries had a significantly higher operating voltage than that of aqueous zinc battery systems. Despite challenges with hydrogen evolution reactions at the Mn metal anode, this study underscores the potential of manganese batteries for future energy storage systems.

Original language	English
Article number	e70036
Journal	Energy and Environmental Materials
Volume	8
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.70036
State	Published - Sep 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s). Energy & Environmental Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Zhengzhou University.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

VO
aqueous electrolytes materials
cathode materials
manganese batteries
oxygen vacancy

Access to Document

10.1002/eem2.70036

Cite this

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title = "Oxygen Vacancy-Driven High-Performance V2O5 Cathodes for Aqueous Manganese Metal Batteries",

abstract = "Aqueous batteries are an emerging next-generation technology for large-scale energy storage. Among various metal-ion systems, manganese-based batteries have attracted significant interest due to their superior theoretical energy density over zinc-based battery systems. This study demonstrates oxygen vacancy-engineered vanadium oxide (V2O4.85) as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous manganese metal batteries. The V2O4.85 cathode had a discharge capacity of 212.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, retaining 89.5\% capacity after 500 cycles. Oxygen vacancies enhanced ion diffusion and reduced migration barriers, facilitating both Mn2+ and H+ ion intercalation. Proton intercalation dominated charge storage, forming Mn(OH)2 layers, whereas Mn2+ contributed to surface-limited reactions. Furthermore, manganese metal batteries had a significantly higher operating voltage than that of aqueous zinc battery systems. Despite challenges with hydrogen evolution reactions at the Mn metal anode, this study underscores the potential of manganese batteries for future energy storage systems.",

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author = "Sangki Lee and Hyungjin Lee and Hyeonjun Lee and Seunghyeop Baek and Netanel Shpigel and Daniel Sharon and Hong, \{Seung Tae\} and Chae, \{Munseok S.\}",

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AU - Lee, Hyungjin

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AU - Baek, Seunghyeop

AU - Shpigel, Netanel

AU - Sharon, Daniel

AU - Hong, Seung Tae

AU - Chae, Munseok S.

PY - 2025/9

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N2 - Aqueous batteries are an emerging next-generation technology for large-scale energy storage. Among various metal-ion systems, manganese-based batteries have attracted significant interest due to their superior theoretical energy density over zinc-based battery systems. This study demonstrates oxygen vacancy-engineered vanadium oxide (V2O4.85) as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous manganese metal batteries. The V2O4.85 cathode had a discharge capacity of 212.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, retaining 89.5% capacity after 500 cycles. Oxygen vacancies enhanced ion diffusion and reduced migration barriers, facilitating both Mn2+ and H+ ion intercalation. Proton intercalation dominated charge storage, forming Mn(OH)2 layers, whereas Mn2+ contributed to surface-limited reactions. Furthermore, manganese metal batteries had a significantly higher operating voltage than that of aqueous zinc battery systems. Despite challenges with hydrogen evolution reactions at the Mn metal anode, this study underscores the potential of manganese batteries for future energy storage systems.

AB - Aqueous batteries are an emerging next-generation technology for large-scale energy storage. Among various metal-ion systems, manganese-based batteries have attracted significant interest due to their superior theoretical energy density over zinc-based battery systems. This study demonstrates oxygen vacancy-engineered vanadium oxide (V2O4.85) as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous manganese metal batteries. The V2O4.85 cathode had a discharge capacity of 212.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, retaining 89.5% capacity after 500 cycles. Oxygen vacancies enhanced ion diffusion and reduced migration barriers, facilitating both Mn2+ and H+ ion intercalation. Proton intercalation dominated charge storage, forming Mn(OH)2 layers, whereas Mn2+ contributed to surface-limited reactions. Furthermore, manganese metal batteries had a significantly higher operating voltage than that of aqueous zinc battery systems. Despite challenges with hydrogen evolution reactions at the Mn metal anode, this study underscores the potential of manganese batteries for future energy storage systems.

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