Participation Patterns of Israeli Children with and without Autism, and the Impact of Environment

Aims: Participation is vital to children’s quality of life, yet it is often limited for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An improved understanding of the factors that may support or hinder their participation is important. This study aims to explore the participation patterns of children with and without ASD in the home, school, and community settings, as well as to explore the impact of environmental factors on the participation of children with ASD. Methods: 78 parents of children aged 6–12, attending mainstream educational settings (30 with ASD; 48 without ASD) completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth and a demographic questionnaire. Results: Children with ASD were rated significantly lower than children without ASD in participation, and their parents expressed a greater desire to change their participation while reporting lower overall environmental support. Among the ASD group, significant differences in participation were found across the three settings, with the highest participation scores at home. Environmental factors that support or limit children’s participation were identified. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of environmental factors in children’s participation. It is essential to evaluate different environmental settings; identifying the supportive and limiting environmental factors will enhance interventions for children with ASD.