TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacology of traumatic brain injury
T2 - Where is the "golden bullet"?
AU - Beauchamp, Kathryn
AU - Mutlak, Haitham
AU - Smith, Wade R.
AU - Shohami, Esther
AU - Stahel, Philip F.
PY - 2008/11
Y1 - 2008/11
N2 - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health care problem and a significant socioeconomic challenge worldwide. In the United States alone, approximately 1.5 million patients are affected each year, and the mortality of severe TBI remains as high as 35%-40%. These statistics underline the urgent need for efficient treatment modalities to improve posttraumatic morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in basic and clinical research as well as improved neurological intensive care in recent years, no specific pharmacological therapy for TBI is available that would improve the outcome of these patients. Understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological events after TBI has resulted in the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the extrapolation from basic research data to clinical application in TBI patients has invariably failed, and results from prospective clinical trials are disappointing. We review the published prospective clinical trials on pharmacological treatment modalities for TBI patients and outline future promising therapeutic avenues in the field.
AB - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health care problem and a significant socioeconomic challenge worldwide. In the United States alone, approximately 1.5 million patients are affected each year, and the mortality of severe TBI remains as high as 35%-40%. These statistics underline the urgent need for efficient treatment modalities to improve posttraumatic morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in basic and clinical research as well as improved neurological intensive care in recent years, no specific pharmacological therapy for TBI is available that would improve the outcome of these patients. Understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological events after TBI has resulted in the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the extrapolation from basic research data to clinical application in TBI patients has invariably failed, and results from prospective clinical trials are disappointing. We review the published prospective clinical trials on pharmacological treatment modalities for TBI patients and outline future promising therapeutic avenues in the field.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=55749111251&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2119/2008-00050.Beauchamp
DO - 10.2119/2008-00050.Beauchamp
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C2 - 18769636
AN - SCOPUS:55749111251
SN - 1076-1551
VL - 14
SP - 731
EP - 740
JO - Molecular Medicine
JF - Molecular Medicine
IS - 11-12
ER -