Phototriggered RNase H-Powered Patterning of Caged DNA/RNA-Functionalized Interfaces Using DNA-Modified Particles, Liposomes, and Cells as Rolling Motors

Patterning of photoresponsive RNA/DNA monolayer interfaces by DNA-modified rolling motor particles consisting of SiO₂ particles, liposomes and cells is described. The DNA/RNA interface is composed of o-nitrobenzyl phosphate caged RNA hairpin/DNA monolayer. Photochemical uncaging of the interfaces (λ = 365 nm) activates the interface toward binding of the DNA-modified particle frameworks, and in the presence of RNase H stimulates the patterning of the interface by the rolling motor particles. While photoactivation of the entire interface leads to random patterning by rolling motors, photolithographic or/and localized laser confocal microscopy of the surface leads to directional patterning of the photoactivated confined interface domains by the DNA-modified rolling motor frameworks. Moreover, dictated DNA-bridged rolling motor particle assemblies lead to dictated linear patterns that are disrupted into random patterning paths by auxiliary triggered separation of the particle dimers. Furthermore, a method to transform cells into rolling motor patterning frameworks by integration of DNA tetrahedra into the cell membrane is introduced.