Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease (PD) can adversely affect glycaemic control in humans. However, it is unknown if a similar association exists in dogs. Methods: Ten client-owned dogs with poorly regulated diabetes mellitus (DM) and PD were prospectively enrolled. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis and measurement of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fructosamine concentrations were performed before periodontal treatment (PT) and monthly thereafter for 3 months. A periodontal disease severity score (PDSS) was determined during PT. The effects of time post-PT and PDSS on markers of inflammation and glycaemic control were determined by generalised estimating equation analysis. Results: HbA1c (mean; 95% confidence interval [CI]) decreased 3 months post-PT (32.1 mmol/mol; 21.1–43.1 mmol/mol vs. 44.3 mmol/mol; 36.4–52.0; p = 0.003). PDSS at enrolment was significantly (p = 0.031) positively associated with HbA1c concentration. Due to a significant (p < 0.001) interaction between PDSS and time post-PT in the analysis of fructosamine, dogs with low (1–3) PDSS and high (7–9) PDSS were analysed separately. Fructosamine (mean; 95% CI) significantly decreased 1 month post-PT (570 μmol/L; 457–684 μmol/L vs. 624 μmol/L; 499–748; p = 0.001) in the high PDSS group but not in the low PDSS group. Fructosamine concentration upon enrolment and PDSS were correlated (r = 0.73, p = 0.017). IL-6 concentration significantly decreased 3 months post-PT (9.9 pg/mL; 8.5–11.3 pg/mL vs. 11.2 pg/mL; 9.7–12.7; p = 0.002). Limitations: Limitations of the study included the small number of dogs, the lack of a control group and the inability to assess PDSS during follow-ups. Conclusions: These findings support a potential detrimental interaction between PD and DM. The apparent beneficial effect of PT on markers of glycaemic control was most conspicuous in dogs with more severe PD.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | no |
Journal | Veterinary Record |
Volume | 194 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 6 Jan 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association.
Keywords
- cytokine
- fructosamine
- gingivitis
- HbA1c
- inflammation