TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of dorsal notch and variations in the foramen magnum shape in dogs of different breeds and morphotypes
AU - Kupczyńska, Marta
AU - Czubaj, Norbert
AU - Barszcz, Karolina
AU - Sokołowski, Wojciech
AU - Czopowicz, Michał
AU - Purzyc, Halina
AU - Dzierzȩcka, Małgorzata
AU - Kinda, Wojciech
AU - Kiełbowicz, Zdzisław
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - The study evaluated shape of the foramen magnum (FM) in dog with regard to its constitutional type (small, medium and large breeds) and morphotype (brachycephalic, mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic dogs). We used multi-slice CT scanner to examine occipital area of 138 purebreds dogs. Two studied groups could be distinguished-living animals undergoing standard diagnostic CT procedure (n = 47) and macerated skulls of euthanized dogs (n = 91). Morphometric analysis was focused on presence of dorsal notch within foramen magnum. This anatomical feature was present in 33.3% of examined dogs. It was more often observed in small size dogs (70%) and those of brachycephalic morphotype (94.1%). For the first time dorsal notch was noted in breeds such as French Bulldog, Fox Terrier, Keeshond, Standard Schnauzer, English Bulldog, Cocker Spaniel, Boxer and Rottweiler. We distinguished four different shape of FM: oval, pentagonal, rhomboid and circular. Most common FM shape was oval (41 dogs; 45%) whereas circular type was least observed (5 dogs; 5.5%). The pentagonal shape was noticed in 27 specimens (29.7%) and the rhomboid shape in 18 dogs (19.8%). Authors conclude that dorsal notch is not pathology and should be considered a morphological variation within the normal anatomy. Results presented in this study should be taken into account during interpretation of the CT images of the craniocervical junction.
AB - The study evaluated shape of the foramen magnum (FM) in dog with regard to its constitutional type (small, medium and large breeds) and morphotype (brachycephalic, mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic dogs). We used multi-slice CT scanner to examine occipital area of 138 purebreds dogs. Two studied groups could be distinguished-living animals undergoing standard diagnostic CT procedure (n = 47) and macerated skulls of euthanized dogs (n = 91). Morphometric analysis was focused on presence of dorsal notch within foramen magnum. This anatomical feature was present in 33.3% of examined dogs. It was more often observed in small size dogs (70%) and those of brachycephalic morphotype (94.1%). For the first time dorsal notch was noted in breeds such as French Bulldog, Fox Terrier, Keeshond, Standard Schnauzer, English Bulldog, Cocker Spaniel, Boxer and Rottweiler. We distinguished four different shape of FM: oval, pentagonal, rhomboid and circular. Most common FM shape was oval (41 dogs; 45%) whereas circular type was least observed (5 dogs; 5.5%). The pentagonal shape was noticed in 27 specimens (29.7%) and the rhomboid shape in 18 dogs (19.8%). Authors conclude that dorsal notch is not pathology and should be considered a morphological variation within the normal anatomy. Results presented in this study should be taken into account during interpretation of the CT images of the craniocervical junction.
KW - dog
KW - dorsal notch
KW - foramen magnum
KW - occipital bone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85016277448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1515/biolog-2017-0018
DO - 10.1515/biolog-2017-0018
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AN - SCOPUS:85016277448
SN - 0006-3088
VL - 72
SP - 230
EP - 237
JO - Biologia (Poland)
JF - Biologia (Poland)
IS - 2
ER -