Producers and Consumers of Ceramic Building Materials in Roman Jerusalem and Its Environs

This article explores the production sequence of ceramic building materials (CBM) from Jerusalem and its vicinity, such as roof tiles, tubuli, bricks, and pipes, between the first and third centuries CE. While CBM marked with the impressions of the Tenth Roman Legion are well documented, a variety of CBM with other or no impressions have also been found. This study deepens understanding of this sequence through petrographic analyses of CBM from the Moza and Shu'afat excavations, including tubuli from Moza bearing impressions with Latin letters forming the name "TITIVS," comprising the earliest instance of a private name on CBM from Judea. The analysis reveals the intertwined military and civilian production of CBM, offering new insights into the socio-demographic makeup of Jerusalem and its surroundings, as well as the relationships between its various population groups.