TY - JOUR
T1 - Promoter and enhancer activities of long terminal repeats associated with cellular retrovirus-like (VL30) elements
AU - Rotman, Galit
AU - Itin, Ahuva
AU - Keshet, Eli
PY - 1986/1/26
Y1 - 1986/1/26
N2 - LTR units associated with cellular retrovirus-like elements are abundantly present in chromosomal DNA of animal cells. We have analyzed the promoter and enhancer activities of diverse LTR units associated with different members of the murine retrovirus-like family known as VL30. We report here that the structurally heterogenous VL30 LTRs displayed highly variable promoter/enhancer activities. The most active VL30 LTR (designated VL3) promoted CAT activity to levels six-fold higher than the LTR of the strongly transforming retrovirus, MSV. This VL30 transcription unit, containing a unique U3 region, was further characterized by S1 nuclease mapping. VL3 LTR functioned as an enhancer in CAT constructs containing a SV40 promoter. In addition, a defined U3 segment was shown to augment expression of CAT in an orientation independent manner. VL3 LTR also served as an efficient promoter and enhancer in heterologous monkey cells. These results suggest that certain resident LTRs possess promoter and enhancer capacities greater than those possessed by LTRs of infectious retroviruses.
AB - LTR units associated with cellular retrovirus-like elements are abundantly present in chromosomal DNA of animal cells. We have analyzed the promoter and enhancer activities of diverse LTR units associated with different members of the murine retrovirus-like family known as VL30. We report here that the structurally heterogenous VL30 LTRs displayed highly variable promoter/enhancer activities. The most active VL30 LTR (designated VL3) promoted CAT activity to levels six-fold higher than the LTR of the strongly transforming retrovirus, MSV. This VL30 transcription unit, containing a unique U3 region, was further characterized by S1 nuclease mapping. VL3 LTR functioned as an enhancer in CAT constructs containing a SV40 promoter. In addition, a defined U3 segment was shown to augment expression of CAT in an orientation independent manner. VL3 LTR also served as an efficient promoter and enhancer in heterologous monkey cells. These results suggest that certain resident LTRs possess promoter and enhancer capacities greater than those possessed by LTRs of infectious retroviruses.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0023055852&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/nar/14.2.645
DO - 10.1093/nar/14.2.645
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C2 - 3456150
AN - SCOPUS:0023055852
SN - 0305-1048
VL - 14
SP - 645
EP - 658
JO - Nucleic Acids Research
JF - Nucleic Acids Research
IS - 2
ER -